comes from the Latin verb nasci , meaning 'to be born.' Words that have ocme directly from Latin carry the root nasc- or nat-, but those that took a detour through French bear a telltale nai- words like renaissance, 'rebirth,' or naive , 'unsophisticated.'
cognate同类? innate天生? nascent, renaissance
?/SPAN>AB/ABS?SPAN lang=EN-US>
comes to us from Latin , and means 'from , ' 'away,' or 'off.' Abuse is the use of something in the
wrong way. To abduct is to 'lead away from ' or kidnap. Aberrant vehavior is vehavior that 'wanders away from ' what is usually acceptable. But there are so many words that include these roots , it would be absurd to try to list them all here.
abscond , abstemious, abstraction, abstruse
?/SPAN>TEN/TIN /TAIN?SPAN lang=EN-US>
, from the Latin verb tenere and the related word tenax, basically means 'hold ' or ' hold on to .' A tenant is the 'holder' of an apartment, house , or land , but not necessarily the owner. A lieutenant governor may 'hold the position' or 'serve in lieu' of the governor when necessary.
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component, disposition, repository, superimpose
transfiguration, transfuse, transient, transcendentZ?/FONT>
deferential, fertile 富饶? inference 推论, proliferate
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indeterminate, interminable 无限?nbsp;, terminal, terminology
convince someone that you're right is a victory of another kind.
evince, invincible, provincial, victimize牺牲
divert, perverse, avert转移, versatile多面手的
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intuition 直觉, tuition, tutelage, tutorial指南
eccentric, epicenter, egocentric, ethnocentricU族中心M?/FONT>
conform , formality, formative, format
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territory by fiving it back to the country it originally belonged to.
retroactive, retrofit, retrogress 退? retrospective 回顾?/FONT>
predominant 卓越的，H出? domicile, domination, dominion
procrastinate, prodigious, prophylaxis, propitious
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parterre subterranean, terrarium , terrestrial
aquamarine, marina, mariner, maritime
apathetic, empathy, pathology, sociopath
impunity, penal刑事? penance忏悔, punitive
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contentious 争论? distend扩大, portend, tendentious有們?/FONT>
extarordinary.'beyond the ordinary.'
extramundane, extrapolate, extrovert外向? extraneous
disputatious, impute 归罪? putative, reputed有名气的, dispute
eulogy, monologue 独白, neologism, genealogy
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appendage, expend, propensity, stipend
adjunct助手, disjunction, injunction指o , junta
impart, impartial, participle, partisan
emissary 使? manumission, missive信g, remittance,
compel , expel 驱? impel推动, repulsion排斥
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immortality不朽? mortician , mortifyQ?mortalityQmortally致命的，mortal
adherent信徒, cohesionl合 , incoherent不连冠的, inherent内在?/FONT>
Union.
cosmetic, cosmology, cosmopolitan世界M? cosmos宇宙
conscientious责? omniscience, prescient预知? unconscionable不合理的
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visage 面貌, visionary qL? visitation讉K
auspiciousq运? conspicuous显著? introspection反省, perspicacious
equivocate , irrevocable, provoke , vociferous
cacophony, phonetic 语音? polyphonic, symphony交响?/FONT>
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metric, odometer, symmetrical对称? tachometer,
dissonant不和谐的 , resonance共鸣, sonic , ultrasound 频韛_
aberrant, errant不定? erratic不稳定的, erroneous错误?/FONT>
accede, antecedent先辈 , concession让步, precedent 先例Qpreceding
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dysfunctional , dyslexia, dyspeptic, dystrophy
complement补? deplete , implement, replete充满?/FONT>
inquisition , perquisite, acquisitive, requisition需?/FONT>
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affidavit 宣誓? diffident ~Z自信? fiduciary, perfidy 不诚?/FONT>
deflect使偏? flexor, genuflect屈服, inflection变Ş
posterior 较晚? posthumousd? postmodern, postmortemd?/FONT>
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plants,for instance,are phytosuccivorous.
carnivorous食肉? herbivorous食草? omnivorous杂食? voracious
carnage大屠杀, carnal肉体? carnival, incarnation
credence凭证, creditable, credulityM, creed信条
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sophistry诡辩, sophisticated诡辩? sophomoric大二, theosophy
homonym, homogeneous同类? homologous相应? homophone同音?/FONT>
diffraction, dissension意见不同, disseminate传播, dissipate驱散
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thermal热的, thermocline, thermocouple热电? thermonuclear高热原子核反应的
polychromatic多色? polyglot通晓多种语言的h, polymer, polyphony多音
rank-but also a monkey or ape. Something primitive is in its first stage of development.Something primeval had its origin in the first period of world or human history.
primal最初的, primiparous, primogeniture长子l承? primordial原始?/FONT>
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ambiguous 不明的, ambient周围环境, ambivalent矛盾? amphitheater竞技?/FONT>
ephemeral, epiphyte, epitaph墓志? epithetl号
hypochondriac, hypocrisy虚伪, hypothermia降体? hypothetical假设?/FONT>
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adjacent邻近? conjecture推测, dejected灰心? trajectory轨迹
detract转移, protracted拖g? retraction收回, intractable隑֤理的
consequential 后果, execute, obsequious 奉承? sequentialq箋?/FONT>
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alleviate, elevate, leavening, levityLQ
agitate 煽动, litigate, synagogue 犹太?/FONT>
affinity, definitive最后的, infinitesimal, finite有限?/FONT>
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rectitude 公正, rectify 调整Q矫? rectilinear, rectorQ?direct, erect刚好的，适合?/FONT>
antebellum 战前? bellicose 好战? belligerence 好战, rebellion反叛
pacify, pacifist, pact, appease qx
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MSNBC.comRed, White & Proud
In a new series, NEWSWEEK honors Americans who help others be healthy and free.
What does it mean to be "the best"? In honor of Independence Day, NEWSWEEK launched a nationwide search for people and projects that exemplify American values. Not partisan or political values, but values as they were originally framed by the Founders. We were looking for visionaries who make the life, liberty and happiness of others their priority. We found them. Everywhere. In the private sector and the public sector, in the professions and suburban kitchens. In Seattle and Mississippi—and in Wheaton, Ill., where an entire town (above) got together to build a five-bedroom house for a local man who was injured in Iraq. Wheaton is just one reason to be proud of America.
WHEATON, ILLINOIS
A town bands together to build a house for a local man, injured in war.
The son of immigrant parents, Joel Gomez did not take the American Dream for granted. He fought for it. After high school at Wheaton-Warrenville South in Illinois, he joined the United States Army and later went off to serve in Iraq. In March 2004, his tank crashed in the Tigris River, and Sergeant Gomez was paralyzed from the neck down. Gomez, who will never walk again, assumed that after treatment he would go back to his little basement apartment in Wheaton, just another forgotten casualty of war.
His hometown saw it otherwise. This 24-year-old native son deserved better—and he was going to get it. Michelle Senatore, a civic volunteer in Wheaton, spearheaded a campaign to raise money to build a big house for Gomez, a place that would be state-of-the-art for the disabled. Senatore, the daughter of a Vietnam vet who faced disdain when he came home from that war, vowed, "I'm not going to let that happen to Joel." The house-building dream would cost $400,000, a seemingly tall task, and require a massive amount of donated labor. "If everyone works together in just a little way," said Senatore, "things can happen."
The townspeople of Wheaton, a community known for its rock-ribbed patriotism and deeply religious values, jumped at the chance to help Gomez. Volunteers came from some 50 groups: firefighters and carpenters, contractors, physicians, store owners, the local VFW and the PTA, school sports teams, cheerleaders and Cub Scouts. To raise money for a van that could accommodate a wheelchair, the group approached Dick Portillo, the owner of a chain of restaurants, and asked if he would let them hold a fund-raiser. Portillo simply wrote a check to pay for the van. "When our country needed him," said Portillo, "he was there." Ryan Altiere, 17, a high-school baseball player, worked at a chili-dinner fund-raiser. "There's not much of a better cause," he explained. Dr. Scott Kolbaba, whose son played on sports teams with Gomez, went to other physicians and asked them to provide special care during Gomez's rehabilitation without charge. "Here's a hometown kid who needed some help," said Kolbaba. "The least we can do is give a little back." Firefighters organized a wheel-chair basketball game to raise money. They sometimes drop by to visit him. "It's almost like we've known him forever," said firefighter Jeff MacKay.
The house, on Washington Street in Wheaton, will be completed in a few weeks. It has five bedrooms and five bathrooms, and it is equipped with technology that will make doors open and lights switch on and off at the sound of Gomez's voice. The soldier's father, Algimiro Gomez, speaking through an interpreter, has tears in his eyes as he talks with appreciation about the town's efforts. "I never thought or hoped anyone could help us the way they did," he says.
Gomez is still a patient at Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital in Wheaton, which has waived all fees for care. If his progress continues, he might be released in several weeks. From a hospital bed, he struggled to speak without a device that aids his tracheotomy, expressing his thanks. "I don't think I paid for anything," he said one day last week. Senatore, who spearheaded the effort, gazed into his eyes and told him: "You paid your price, sweetheart." And then some.
—Hilary Shenfeld and Dirk Johnson
JOHN McCARTHY
At his camp, kids learn about baseball—and manners and joy.
Summer mornings in the quiet northwest corner of Washington, D.C., Home Run Baseball Camp starts when the neighborhood church bells ring. Coach John McCarthy begins each new weeklong session by introducing his teenage deputy coaches to the fidgety little campers ages 4 to 15 packed into the bleachers. He praises one coach for having shined his shoes. He compliments another for always saying thank you. Then Mac asks each coach what book he or she is reading.
"The Iliad," says one.
"Want to or have to?" Mac wants to know, his voice booming like a drill sergeant's.
"Want to!" says the junior coach.
"I love it!" says Mac.
Between intros he lauds one of the campers, too, clinking fists with him Wonder Twins-style. "Hey, good listening skills. I like the eye contact. If you observe, you learn." Coach Mac clearly teaches a whole lot more than baseball. At Home Run camp, winning really isn't everything. What matters here is hustling, sharing your bat with a teammate, tucking in your shirt and, of course, having fun.
For McCarthy, who spent one glorious year in the minors, baseball is about joy. And if you treat it with respect, it will pay you back in character. "When you're competing, it should be from the heart," says McCarthy. (His father, Colman McCarthy, was a writer for The Washington Post, parent company of NEWSWEEK.)
The camp he runs today evolved from a program he started 11 years ago, which taught baseball and its values to inner-city kids. McCarthy still recruits those kids to come here on scholarship, but more-privileged kids sign on, too. And six years ago, he cofounded an after-school baseball program in the Dominican Republic. McCarthy sends his coaches down to train Dominican coaches for their school teams. The local kids get to play as long as they go to class.
Back in Washington, Daniel White, 17, takes a break from coaching the 4-year-olds. A former camper himself, he pitches for his high-school team and hopes to play in college. McCarthy's lessons have stayed with him. White doesn't get overly competitive and he enjoys the game. And to this day, before every game, he sits down and buffs his shoes to a bright shine.
—Susannah Meadows
JERRY MITCHELL
His news stories about the South's old secrets helped convict the killers.
Jerry Mitchell walked into the Neshoba County, Miss., Courthouse last Tuesday, dead tired and filled with anxiety. A day earlier, the judge in the Edgar Ray Killen murder trial had polled the deliberating jury and found it split six to six. A chilling thought kept Mitchell up all night: Killen, charged in the murder, 41 years ago, of three civil-rights workers in Neshoba County, could walk free.
The stakes were high for Mississippi and for Mitchell. An investigative reporter for The Clarion-Ledger in Jackson, he has for 16 years published story after meticulously sourced story on the 1964 murders of Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner, uncovering decades-old, secret documents that shine light on the darkest corners of Mississippi's past. He's reported other landmark cases—uncovering the truth behind the murders of black activists Medgar Evers and Vernon Dahmer, among others—but the '64 case has always been his obsession. So when the jury announced its guilty verdict last week, Mitchell felt only relief.
Jerry Mitchell, 46, wasn't always a civil-rights crusader. He grew up in Texarkana, Texas, in the dying days of Jim Crow, but as the child of quiet churchgoers, he lived "a universe away" from the frontline fire hoses and barking dogs. The people around him "simply didn't talk about" the civil-rights conflict that defined the '60s. Mitchell never thought about it much either, until 1989, when the film "Mississippi Burning" struck him "like a blow to the head." He was mystified: "I just couldn't believe that people allowed that to go on."
Vowing to reveal what had really happened that night, Mitchell sweet-talked courthouse sources, and by August of '89 had loaded up his red Honda CRX with more than 2,400 sealed, top-secret documents from the ominously named Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission. "I'm someone who when you tell me I can't see something, I need to see it about a hundred times more," Mitchell says. Convinced all Mississippians needed to see it too, he spent the next decade and a half publishing stories on the state's systematic suppression of evidence in civil-rights-era cases.
With Killen sentenced to 60 years in prison, Mitchell can move on from those murders but not from the ghosts of Mississippi. Next on his list: the infamous Emmett Till lynching case. He scoffs at the notion that he, and the state, have already atoned enough. "Mississippi deserves a lot of credit," he says, "but there's always justice to be done."
—Jonathan Darman
© 2005 MSNBC.com
URL: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8358569/site/newsweek/
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approbation认可, disprove反驳, probity正直, reprobate 拒绝
gravid 怀孕的, gravitas庄严, gravitata, gravity重心
criminology, decriminalize合法? incriminate 控告, recrimination 反责
amicable友善? enamored 們ֿ? inimical敌意? paramour情妇
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of instructing others in the doctrines, or basic principles, of his or her field-which is not necessarilly medicine.
doctrine, docileҎ教的, doctrinaire教条M? indoctrinate教育Qdiction,dictum,dictator
The Italian dictator Mussolini was known simply as 'II Duce.' But such words as produce and reduce also contain the root, even though their meanings show it less clearly.
conducive 有益? deduction 推论, 演绎, induce D, seduction诱惑 , education, conductorl理
based on it came to English through French,which often dropped the -pi-,leaving host-.Hospitality
was once a house for religious pilgrims and other travelers,or a home for the aged.
hostage, hospice ? hostel, inhospitable 不好客的
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如何划分韌Q?/P>
①在两个韌的相d有两个辅字组Ӟ一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的韌?BR>例如Qlet-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter
②在两个韌的相d只有一个辅字组Ӟ如果前面韌里的元音是长韛_辅字l属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元x短音Q则辅字l属于前面一个音节?BR>例如Q长?pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther
短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er
重读韌指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用x标记双音节、多韌词的读音Ӟ应用重ȝ受单韌词多数是重读韌Q标记读x不需要用重ȝ受?/P>
开韌分两U，一U叫l对开韌Q相对开韌?BR>①绝对开韌Q单个元韛_母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开韌Q单个元韛_母后面加单个辅音字母Q再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse.
单个元音字母后面有辅字组Qr w y 除外Q且以辅字组l尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup
双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节?BR>例如Q´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed
含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- {前~的双韌词往往是在W二个音节上重读。双韌词的重读位置不会因增加前~或后~而发生改变。例如：
a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor
多音节词通常在倒数W三个音节重诅R?BR>例如Q´el-e-phant con-grat-u´la-tion
词尾?ic?tion,-sion的词Q在-ic?sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien´tific im´pression ´nation
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expedient, expedite 加? zև, impediment障碍? pedestrian
reception接待, incipient初始? perceptible, susceptible易受影响?/FONT>
auditor, auditory 听觉? audition? 听力, 试听, inaudible
impart传授, impartial, participle分词, partisan游击?/FONT>
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An avenue is a street ,or originally an access road by which to 'come toward' something.
Groups 'come together' at a convention.
advent, provenanceh, venturesome危险? venue集合地点
【CURR/CURS?BR>comes from currere, the Latin verb meaning 'to run'. Although the sense of speed may be lacking from words based on this root, the sense of movement remains. Current, for instance, refers to running water in a stream or river. And an excursion is a trip from one place to another.
concurrent q发? cursory 匆匆忙忙? discursive, precursor
【TEMPOR?/P>
comes from the Latin tempus, meaning 'time.' The Latin phrase tempus fugit means 'time flies,' an observation that somehow seems more true during summer vacation than in the dead of winter.
A temporary repair is meant to last only a short time.
The tempo, or speed, of a country-and- western ballad is usually different form that of a heavy metal song.
contemporary, extemporaneous临时? temporal暂时? temporize见风驶舵
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字母、字l和字群
字母指的是二十六个字母。字母是构成英文书写的最单位，p单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素ƈ不存在对应关pR?/P>
字组指的是一个或几个字母在vQ发一个共同的音素。字l是p单词发音的基本单位，通常一个字l对应该一个音素。字l分为元字组和辅字组两种?/P>
字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的音素。（如：-tion -sion -sten -stle -ought)
Z么要在字母的基础上引入字l的概念呢？
从书写Ş式上看，英文是由一个一个的字母构成的，但每一个字母ƈ不一定对应一个音素，倒是每一个字l对应着一个音素。英语是一U拼x字，l过一D|间的学习Q许多h会“悟”出一些英语单词读韛_字组之间的这U一对一的关p，从“单个字母拼合单词”的识记的方式，q渡到“在字组的基上识记单词”，q“悟”出一些拼读规律。学习者ؓq个“悟”字付出了太长的旉?/P>
所以学习英语应该尽早识记字l，即三十多个元字组Q和三十多个辅字l，以字lؓ基本单位本记忆单词?/P>
在六七十个字l的基础上识记单词，q比在在二十六个字母的基上识记单词的效率高、速度快，记忆旉长，可以在很大程度上降低识记p单词的难度?/P>
元字l?/P>
在《英语单词拼读规则表》中Q元字组指的是：元音字母和元韛_l?/P>
元音字母指的是五个元韛_母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu。元韛_母数量虽，但出现的频率高?/P>
元音字组׃个或三个元音字母l合而成Q少数几个辅韛_母（r l w y)也可以和元音字母一L成元韛_l?/P>
元音字组分ؓQ?r韌元音字组?re韌元音字组和普通元韛_l。元韛_l数量多Q只有少数几个元韛_l出现的频率较高?r韌元音字组有五个：ar er ir or urQ?re韌元音字组也有五个Qare ere ire ore ureQ普通元韛_l数量较多，常用的有Qai/ay air al au/aw ea ear ee eer ei/ey eu/ew ie oa oar/oor oi/oy oo ou/ow our{。此外，q有Qoul(could,would)、ier(fierce)、eir(their,weird){不常用的元韛_l?/P>
在《英语单词拼读规则表》中Q辅字组指的是辅韛_母和辅音字组?/P>
辅音字母Qb c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z?/P>
辅音字组Qch -ck -dge dr- gh gu- -gue kn- -mn -ng ph qu- sc- sh -tch th tr- wh- wr-?/P>
辅音字组指由两个或两个以上的辅音字母l合而成Q共同发一个辅韟뀂如Qch -ck -dge dr- gh gu- -gue kn- -mn -ng ph qu- sc- sh -tch th tr- wh- wr- ?/P>
个别辅音字组发两个音Q如Qgu- qu- sc- ?/P>
有的辅音字组l常出现在音节的开头部分，如：dr- gu- kn- qu- sc- tr- wh- wr-Q有的辅韛_l经常出现在韌的末，如： -gue -mn -ng -tchQ还有的辅音字组在单词中的位|比较灵zR?/P>
《表》九Q还有少数辅韛_l没有列出，如：-ds -ts ps-{?/P>
字组名与字组?/P>
字组的名U叫字组名，如th叫th字母l合Qar叫ar字母l合Q字l在单词中所发的音素叫字l音?/P>
字组?对字l的U呼、叫法称为“字l名U”，U“字l名”。英语里?6个字母，我们可以一个一个地说出来。但q?6个字母在单词中的发音和他们的“名U”ƈ不都是一L?/P>
字组?字组在单词中所发的音素叫“字l读音”，U“字l音”?/P>
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www.iselong.com 作?q_^
标点(Punctuation)好好?一)
书、笔、纸、墨水?/P>
大家看看上面的句子，句中用的是什么标点呢Q相信谁都会说是Q顿号和句号啦。在?BR>文句子里Q也有顿??和小圈儿句号(?吗？上面的句子以英文来写的话Q就应该?BR>Q?/P>
Book, pen, paper, ink.
可见在英文里是不用顿号和中文式句L。标点符号在中、英文里的写法和用法有好?BR>差别。下面就让我们从一个中文里所没有的标点开始吧?/P>
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一、Apostrophe (')省字W号、所有格W号
q个标点在中文里是没有的Q但在英文里却随处可见。主要用在下列几斚wQ?/P>
* 表示所有格 (所有格的变化也不少Q详l情形容后再?
* ~写?BR>* 表示一些数字、字母、日期、羃写的复数形式
1.1 所有格 (Possessives):(注意Q下列所有格只用在动物方?
1.1.1 在名?有生命的)后加?'s 表示单数所有格Q?/P>
1. Sarah's coat is black. 莎拉的外套是黑色的?Sarah's=莎拉?
2. The boy's hat. (q男孩有一帽?
3. The boy's hats. (q男孩有好几帽?
4. Jones's office. (Jones 只有一个音节，l尾?s, 所有格?'s)
5. Jones' sweet tooth is legendary. (Jones 的结是s, 而接下来的词又以s开
始，那么Q所有格只?' ?真好玩！)
6. Moses' mouth is wide. (Moses 的尾x重复的z韻I所有格只加 ')
7. Louis' candy is sticky. (Louis有不止一个音节，l尾sQ所有格只加 ' 。ؓ什
么呢Q好玩极了！)
8. My mother-in-law's house. (monther-in-law 之类的复合名词，所有格's加在
l尾?
9. The Surgeon General's report is due soon. (Surgeon General是复合词Q同
上?
======= 哎呀Q是不是觉得很ؕQ让我们归纳一下：
A. 一般单数名?有生命的!)Q所有格只在l尾?'s (W?-3?
B. 如果单数名词是s, 或ceQ所有格只加 '?'s (W??
C. 如果单数名词是s, 而跟着是以S开头的词，所有格只加 ' (W??
D. 如果单数名词N有重复的s或z韻I或是eez韻I所有格只加 ' (W??
E. 如果B的名词只有一个音?syllable)Q所有格只能?'s (W??
F. 如果B的名词有二个以上音节，所有格则只?' (W??
G. 复合词类处理法同A?W?-9?
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1.1.2 二h(或其他动?以上的所有格表示法：
1. The boys' shoes. (在复数boys֊?'而不?'s ?
2. The women's bags. (woman 的复数是 women, 所有格?'s)
3. The children's caps. (child 的复数是 childrenQ和women同类型，所有格?BR>'s)
4. The actresses' hats. (actress 的复数是 actressesQ因为结是 es, 因此所
有格只加 '便可)
5. The babies' toys. (baby 的复数是 babiesQ结有esQ因此所有格只加 ')
6. Ms. Joneses' house. (Joneses 是Jones 的复?
7. My mothers-in-law's house. (注意是motherS 喔，所有格q是?'s)
=====同样来归U一下：
A.单复数名?同样是有生命的喔)的所有格写法是：先将原来单数名词l尾加s变成
复数Q然后在l尾处再加上 'x?W??
B. 如果复数名词是由改变其内的韵母Ş成的Q所有格同单数名词一Pl尾加上 's
(W?-3?
C.如果复数名词是es, 所有格只加 ' (W?-6?
D.如果是复数复合名词，则先主要单数名词{成复敎ͼ然后在复合名词尾加上's
(W??
-------------------------------------------------
1.1.3 如果是几个名词ƈ列的,所有格 's 加在最后一个名词尾Q?/P>
1. Joe and Linda's house is being sold. 乔和琌的房子已卖了?q里表示?BR>子是Joe和Linda所共有)
-------------------------------------------------
1.1.4 如果几个名词是个别表C所有格Ӟ每个名词Nd?'s :
1. Mike's and Molly's grades have improved. q克和莫莉的成W已有q步?q?BR>里表C克和莫莉各别的成l都有进?
-------------------------------------------------
1.1.5 不定式名词的所有格是在词尾?'sQ?/P>
1. I need someone's help with my homework. (someone 指某?所有格someone's
某h?
-------------------------------------------------
1.1.6 代名词的所有格不可加上 '?'s Q?/P>
1. Shella, whose eyes are blue? (whose哪个人的Q已有所有格的意?
2. This book is hers, not yours. (hers她的Qyours你的)
3. It hurt its paw. (its 它的)
4. It's a nice day. (it's ?it is 的意?不属于所有格)
5. That is your right. (your 你的)
=================================================
1.2 ~写?Contractions):
1.2.1 在字词、日期中一部䆾字母或数字被省略Q以 ' 代之 ?/P>
1. She wouldn't work for the gov't in '93. (wouldn't=would not,
gov't=government, '93=1993)
1.2.2 名字、头衔的~写格式可省?'
1. Lt. Wm. Jones visited us. (Lt. =Lieutenant, 不可写成 L't , Wm=William,
不可写成 W'm)
=================================================
1.3 复数形式(Plurals):
1.3.1 当一个词在句子里能清楚反映其复数意义Ӟ不可再加 'Q?/P>
1. Don't give me any ifs, ands, or buts. (不可写成 if's , and's , but's)
-------------------------------------------------
1.3.2 在句子里Q当一个词仅仅作ؓ一个词Ӟ其复数Ş式可?'s 使其含意更清
晎ͼ
1. He used twenty-five and's in one paragraph. 他在一D里用了25个and字?BR>-------------------------------------------------
1.3.3 日期、数目字、只取首字母的羃写词(acronyms)q类以大写字母结时Q复
数Ş式只需加上 s Q不必再加上 ' :
1. Seven Ph.D.s lived in this building in the 1970s. (Ph.D.s 不可写成
Ph.D.'s, 1970s 也不可写?1970's)
-------------------------------------------------
1.3.4 当一个大写字母的复数形式可能会被误解Ӟ可加?'s 以表C复敎ͼ
1. The Roman Numerals for the number eight is a V followed by three I's.
|马数字八的写法是V后加上三?I ?q时如果 I's 只写?Is , 可能引?BR>误解)
=================================================
到目前ؓ止，我们只谈了一个Apostrophe有q么多丁丁东东。所以你说英文标点好?BR>不好玩？
标点(Punctuation)好好??
逗号/逗点在中文或英文里是再普通不q的一个标点符P可是Q它的用法在中文和英
里可׃一定相同了?/P>
二、Comma (Q? 逗号、逗点
在英文里Q逗号的用途有Q?/P>
* q接句子里不同的成䆾
* 分开句子里不同的成䆾
* H出句子里的某个成䆾
* 替代句子里的某个成䆾
成䆾指：词、短?phrase)、子?clause){?/P>
2.1 q接句子里不同的成䆾
2.1.1 逗号用在?and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet {连接词的两个主要子?BR>之间Q?/P>
1. My father is fond of fishing, but my mother prefers hiking. (?,but q?BR>接两个子?
2. He painted the exterior of the house, and she painted the interior. (?BR>,and q接两个子句)
========================================================
2.2 分开句子里不同的成䆾
2.2.1 用逗号分开两个以上的ƈ列Ş容词Q?如果q列的Ş容词之间可加上and,
but{，那就加上逗号Q否则不?
1. That tall, distinguished, good looking fellow. (可写?He is a tall and
distinguished fellow.)
2. She is a little and old lady. (不可写成 She is a little, old lady.)
----------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.2 在两个修C语的短语之间加上逗号(句短可不?Q?/P>
1. While waiting for the bus on that cold rainy night, she started
sneezing. (主语she)
2. At 10 o'clock the bus arrived. (不必写成 At 10 o'clock, the bus
arrived.)
----------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.3 ?Jr., Sr., Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., Inc., {名UC前及后都要加上?BR>?除了所有格的名U?:
1. They identified him as Howard R. Williams, Jr., chairman of their board.
(,Jr.,)
2. That is Howard R. Williams, Jr.'s company. (,Jr.'s 后面不可再加逗号)
----------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.4 在追问句之前加逗号Q?/P>
1. Do it, won't you? (Do it 是命令语气，won't you?是追?
2. You know the answer, don't you?
3. It is warm today, isn't it?
----------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.5 一个以副词或副词短语开头的句子Q如果它和前面的句子有关联的话，?BR>d有关副词或副词短语后加上逗号Q?/P>
1. She believed he had the talent to succeed. Unfortunately, he was lazy.
(后一个句子以副词 unfortunately 开_同时q个句子和前一个句子有直接的关?
----------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.6 在句子里有超q三个ƈ列词或短语等Q在最后一个，and, or, nor{?BR>之前加逗号Q?/P>
1. He promised to supply the pencils, pens, and notebooks for the class.
(单说是 pencils, pens, notebooks 要写?pencils, pens, and notebooks)
2. Her mother sells tomatoes, potatoes, apples, and peaches. (...apples,
and...)
3. She ran up the stairs, across the porch, and into the house. (up the
staris, across the porch, into the house 是三个短语，在最后一个加 ,and)
4. We all agreed that she was beautiful, that she was intelligent, and
that she was ambitious. (三个 that she was...都是子句 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.7 在句子中加上逗号Q以免引赯解：
1. That she knew where the money was, was news to me. (如果was, was 之间
不加逗号Q是不是会引赯解呢Q?
2. Outside, the lawn was cluttered with hundreds of broken branches.
外面的草坪上到处是断枝?BR> (如果outside 后去掉逗号, 那意思就变成“在草坪的外面到处是断枝。?
------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.8 用逗号分开引用句：
1. “You are beautiful,?he said. (q个逗号要放在引号内)
2. Our teacher said, “Freedom is not license.” (...said,)
3. “No,?she said, “I was just testing your patience.?(No, /
....said,)
4. “Perhaps,”Tom responded, “I will try anyway.?(Perhaps, /
responded,)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.9 逗号用以分开星期、月日、年份：
1. On Monday, May 5,2000, her first child was born. (Monday, May 5,
2000, )
2. On March 8, 2003, he bought a new car. (March 8, 2003, )
3. June 2000 is one of the most meaningful of my life. (只有月和q_׃
必加逗号)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.10 逗号用以分开地名、省名、国名、街道名、弄名{：
1. Linda lives at 1234 Amarillo Ave., #1, Palo Alto, CA 94303, U.S.A.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2.2.11 逗号用在 such as ?especially 的前面：
1. They enjoy outdoor sports, such as hiking and riding.
2. He likes all extracurricular activities, especially basketball
playing.
===========================================================
2.3 H出句子中某个插入成?Parenthetical elements):
所谓插入成份，是指在句子中L它也可成立的成䆾。插入成份一般是感叹词、状
语、副词子句等?/P>
2.3.1 句子里插入的词、短语、子句等,加上逗号以示插入成䆾Q?/P>
1. He knew, however, that no one would listen to his warning. ( 插入
however)
2. No, you may not come with us. (插入 No)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3.2 用逗号分开“乃此非彼”的l构Q?/P>
1. Jane, not Shirley, will attend the meeting. (?JaneQ不?Shirley)
2. He wanted to see Mr. Wu, not Mr. Hu. (是吴先生Q不是胡先生)
3. Some say the world will end in ice, not fire. (是冰Q不是火)
4. It was her money, not her charm or personality, that first attracted
him. (为的是她的胦富，不是Z她的妩媚或个?
-------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3.3 句中有非限制性的词或短语之类Q以逗号标出以示插入成䆾Q?/P>
1. Her husband, Bill, is a scientist. (Bill 为插入成?
2. Kent Howard, my English teacher, is from America. (插入成䆾 my English
teacher)
3. Her father, who is a famous scholar, teaches English.(插入成䆾 who is a
famous scholar)
4. Eleanor, his wife of thirty years, suddenly decided to open her own
business. (试将插入成䆾 his wife of thirty years LQ句子是否也能成立？)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3.4 句中的城市名如果和它的省、州、国名ƈ列，省、州、国名前后须加逗号Q?/P>
1. We visited Hartford, Connecticut, last summer. (Connecticut 为插入成?
2. Paris, France, is sometimes called "The City of Lights." (France 为插?BR>成䆾)
3. Hartford, Connecticut's investment in the insurance industry is well
known.(Connecticut's 为所有格式，后面不可加逗号?
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2.3.5 句中带着q接?but, and, or...)的插入成份的前面不可加上逗号Q?/P>
1. The Red Sox were leading the league at the end of May, but of
course, they always do well in the spring. (but 的后面不可加逗号)
2. The Tigers spent much of the season at the bottom of the league, and
even though they picked up several promising rookies, they expect to be
there again next year. (and 的后面不可再加逗号)
-----------------------------------------------------------
2.3.6 向h说话Ӟ逗号攑֜Ҏ名字或称谓之后、之前或者前后都加：
1. John, come here. (John, 逗号在名字之?
2. Open the door, John. ( ,John 逗号攑֜名字之前)
3. It is, Sir, not my fault. ( , Sir, 逗号攑֜U谓前面和后?
===========================================================
2.4 替代句子里某个成?/P>
2.4.1 用逗号替代句子里某部䆾Q表C字词的省略Q?/P>
1. The lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb, of meekness. (the lamb, of
meekness 原本应该?the lamb is the symbol of meekness)
2. George was the hard worker, John, the lazy one. (John, the lazy one ?BR>本应该是 John was the lazy one)
===========================================================
l于搞定。你说英文逗号Ҏ用，q是中文逗号Ҏ用？
标点(Punctuation)好好??
三、Period / Full Stop (.) 句号、句?/P>
句号的写法，在英文里是个黑?.)Q可在中文却是个圈??(在科学技术文章里
也可用“小黑点?。用法也有些差异Q在英文斚wQ最“好玩”的是用在羃写方面：
* 句号用在陈述句、祈使句及礼貌问句等的句?BR>* 句号用在~写斚w
* 句号用在数目字方?/P>
3.1 句号用在陈述句、祈使句及礼貌问句等的句：
3.1.1 用在陈述?Declarative sentence)，表示句子l束Q?/P>
1. I am leaving now.
2. Ailan and Xiaodong are my friends.
-------------------------------------------------
3.1.2 用在?Imperative sentence)，表示句子l束Q?/P>
1. Close the door.
2. Turn in your papers, please.
--------------------------------------------------
3.1.3 用在CD的、祈使性的、以及间接疑问句(Interrogative sentence)，表示
句子l束Q?/P>
1. Will you please send me three copies. ȝ你给我三份?不要看到Will
you...在句尾加问号喔)
2. Since when am I supposed to believe this. 我什么时候会怿q个呢?/P>
3. He asked if you can come. 他问你能不能来?BR>==============================================
3.2 句号用在表示~写(Abbreviation, Acronym):
3.2.1 ~写?Abbreviation)Q?一个字词省略其中某些字?字尾d句号)
1. U呼QMr. = Mister, Mrs.= Misteress, Dr. = Doctor, Mim. = Ministor /
Ministry , Esq. = Esquire (先生)
2. 旉Qyr. = year, min.=minute
3. 星期QMon. = Monday, Tues. = Tuesday, Wed. = Wednesday, Thurs. =
Thursday, Fri. = Friday, Sat. = Saturday, Sun. = Sunday
4. 月䆾QJan. = January, Feb. = February, Mar. = March, Apr. = April, Jun.
= June, Jul. = July, Aug./Ag. = August, Sept. = September, Oct. = October,
Nov. = November, Dec. = December (注意Qoct. = octave八度, nov. = novelist
说? dec. = deceased亡故)
5. 国名QAfr. = Africa / African, Aus. = Austria / Austrian, Fr. = France
/ French, Ger. = Germany, It. = Italy / Italian
6. 其他Qetc. = et cetera ({?, Xmas. = Christmas, min. = minimum /
minor, max. = maximum, pc. = piece, Ltd. = Limited, num. =number / numbers
(No. = Number W几号之?
-------------------------------------------------
3.2.2 Acronym (只取首字母的~写?Q?/P>
1. 公元QA.D. = Anno Domin(公元)QB.C. = Before Christ(公元?
2. 邮政QG.P.O. = General Post Office, C.O.D.= Cash on Delivery, P.O. /
p.o. = Postal Order, R.T.S. = Return To Sender
3, 旉Qa.m. /A.M. = ante meridiem 上午Q?p.m. / P.M.= post meridiem下午
4. 国名QU.K. = United Kingdom, U.S.A. = United States of America
5. 其他QF.O.C. = Free Of Charge, R.I.P. = Rest In Peace 愿他安息, r.p.m.=
Revolution Per Minute, P.T.O. / p.t.o. = Please Turn Over M，P.T.A. =
Parent-Teachers' Association 安教师协会
-------------------------------------------------
也许是大家觉得羃写词后加个小黑点是gȝ事，因此有些干脆省掉它Q下面是一
些不加句点的~写词：
1. l织名：UN, UNESCO, WTO
2. 数目Q?75 , 2nd , 5th , Henry V
3. 常用词：memo , math , exam , lab , dorm , TV , CD , VCD ,DVD,
PS =Postscript 附言QSARS (现在是无Z知其大名的了Q?
4. 度量? mm , cm , km , g , mg , ml , kw , kv
====================================================
3.3 句号用在数字斚wQ?/P>
3.3.1 表示数点：
1. $12.50 , K?00.20 , RM4.45, 50.45%, 5.2 kg
----------------------------------------------------
3.3.2 用于大纲列表Q?/P>
例： I. W一学期体育教学
1. 游泳
a. 自由?/P>
注意Q在括号内的数字或字母，不可加句P
(3), (b), (Iv)
====================================================
其实Period一点也不好玩的Q你说是吗？
标点(Punctuation)好好??
四、Ellipsis (...) 省略?/P>
英文省略L写法是三个小黑点(...)Q而中文是则是六点(…?。用法如下：
4.1 句子删节
4.1.1 表示在引号中的删节：
1. ?..into that good night.?/P>
2. “You won't...?Lois began. (错误Q“You won't...,?
3. “Then you'd blast off...on screen, as if you were looking out...of a
spaceship.?BR>-------------------------------------------------
4.1.2 在句子中间删节，跟着省略L字母必须写Q?/P>
1. He agreed that prices were...reasonable.
-------------------------------------------------
4.1.3 句尾删节Q要点四?....)Q?/P>
1. She disagreed with the decision.... (最后一Ҏ句号? )
=================================================
4.2 表示在对话或叙述中的停顿、犹豫、踌w、语气强调等Q?/P>
1. Clutching at his throat, he gasped, “Help...help me.?/P>
2. He seemed nervous...stared straight ahead...kept twitching and
jerking...then he ran for shelter.
3. You mean...I...uh...we have a test today?
=================================================
4.3 D落的删?/P>
4.3.1 删节一D以上，以一行小点代之：
This is paragraph 1.
................................. (表示删节W?-4D?
This is paragraph 5.
---------------------------------------------------
4.3.2 如果D落删节开始开某段的中_点四点表CZ面的文字被删节：
This is.... (q里点四点，表示从这里开始删?
....................(q里点一行，表示其中的段落被删节)
This is paragraph 5.
---------------------------------------------------
4.3.3 如果删节的最后一D只省略中间的一部䆾Q最后一D늚开始处点三点：
This is paragraph 1.
................................
...is paragraph 5. (...表示它之前的W五D|字被省略)
====================================================
4.4 表示q结 (以一长串黑点表C?
4.4.1 用于目录Q?/P>
Chapter 3.........................................page 45
====================================================
五、Quotation Marks 引号 (当没有特别说明时为双引号“?Single Quotation
Marks单引号??
5.1 直接引用Q这是最常见的用法：
5.1.1 引号内的引用句ؓ原句Q?/P>
1. She said, “Hurry up.?她说Q“快点儿。?(注意中、英标点用法不同?
2. “I can come today,?she said, “but not tomorrow.?/P>
3. The sign changed from “Walk,?to “Don't walk,?to “Walk?again
within 30 seconds.
4. “I'm finally tired enough to get to sleep,?she yawned. (q里的引用句
l尾是逗号Q不可用句号?
5. They shouted,“Congratulations!?through the door.
-----------------------------------------------------
5.1.2 如果引用句本wؓ陈述句，而整句ؓ问句Q那问号p加在引号之后Q?/P>
1. Did he say, “I am going to college next year? (注意是“……”？问号?BR>引号之外?
2. Do you agree with the saying,“A living dog is better than a dead lion?BR>? (整句是问你同意引号内的那句话吗，所以问可加在句尾)
------------------------------------------------------
5.1.3 如果引用句本w是个问句，那问号就要加在引号内Q?/P>
1. Did he say, “Are you going to college next year??(q里“…?”这?BR>问句要放在引号内。不可写?Did he say, “Are you going to college next
year??)
2. She asked, “Will you still be my friend?” (句尾同样不可再加问号?
------------------------------------------------------
5.1.4 引用的字或短语如在整句中q无中断Q这时就不必加上逗号Q?/P>
1. The phrase “lovely, dark and deep?begins to suggest ominous
overtones.
------------------------------------------------------
5.1.5 如引用句属于句子的一部䆾Q在引号前加冒号(:)Q?/P>
1. My mother's favorite quote was from Shakespeare:“This above all, to
thine own self be true.?BR>------------------------------------------------------
5.1.6 如果引用句内又有引用句，那就要用单引???以示区别Q?/P>
1. George explained, “I heard her say, ‘Go away!’so I left.?/P>
2. He said, “Mary said,‘Do not treat me that way.’?(注意句尾的句h
在单引号内，而句单引号和双引号之间不可再加标?
-------------------------------------------------------
5.1.7 引用句有两段以上Ӟ只在每一D开始用引号(?Q直到结束段最后才加引?BR>(?Q?/P>
“This is paragraph 1 (q里只用?
“This is paragraph 2 (q里也只用?
“This is paragraph 3.?(最后就要用“?
-------------------------------------------------------
5.1.8 多h对话式引用句Q各对话各占一D：
“I'll do my best,”he said. (引用句结的是逗号Q而不是句?因ؓ接着有he
said)
“How old is he?”she asked.
“According to his passport he's thirty-one.?(q里的引用句l尾用句P?BR>为没有he said)
“And what is his real name??BR>“Wilson.?BR>“Edward Wilson,”she said softly.
==================================================
5.2 引用句属“无声对话”，加不加引号都可以Q?/P>
1. Oh, what a beautiful morning, Curly said to himself. (Oh, what a
beautiful morning q句话是Curly 对自p的，q没发出声音,不必加上引号)
2. “Oh, what a beautiful morning!?Curly said to himself. (加上引号?BR>?
==================================================
5.3 间接引用语不可加上引P
1. The President said that NAFTA would eventually be a boon to small
businesses in both countries. (The President said 后面的话q原话Q因此不
必加上引?
2, Professor Villa told her students the textbooks were not yet in the
bookstore.
==================================================
5.4 文章、报告、评论、短故事、诗歌、戏剧、电q标题/名都用引号
5.4.1 在句子中提到的标题或名用双引号(“?Q?/P>
1. My favorite short story is “The Treasure.?(句尾的句h在引号内是美?BR>式的Q英国式的则攑֜引号外“The Treasure?)
2. My favorite peom is Robert Frost's “Design.?/P>
3. The poem “Trees?was written by Joyce Kilmer. (“Trees”在句中Q不可加
其他标点)
4. “The Time Machine?is my favorite film.
5. What do you think of William Shakespeare's “Henry V? (除了句号及?BR>P其他如问L的位|，视句子而定)
--------------------------------------------------------
5.4.2 在报章标题中出现的引P应ؓ单引???:
1. Congress Cries ‘Shame!?BR>===================================================
5.5 Ҏ词汇
5.5.1 当引号加在一个专门术语或特别的词汇上Ӟ引号前不可加逗号Q?/P>
1. Doctors refer to the red blemish as an “hemangioma.?(不可写成...as
an, “hemangioma.?
2. Sartre's treatment of ‘being?as opposed to his treatment of
‘non-being? has been thoroughly described in Kaufmann's book. (哲学上的
关键概念应用单引P奇怪喔)
标点(Punctuation)好好??
六、Colons (:) 冒号
冒号在中文或英文里都是一个相当常见的标点W号Q在用法上也大致一栗?BR>注意Q?BR>* 冒号前不可有I格
* 冒号后可加一I格
* 冒号后千万不要加- (?:-)
---------------------------------------------------
大家先来看看下面的例子，你以为句子中的冒L法对吗？
For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food, water, and
a flashlight.
如果你的{案是对Q那你就错了Q这是一个常见的冒号用法上的错误。正的用法Q看
下去׃明白了。这里且让我们从最单的用法开始吧?BR>------------------------------------------
6.1 冒号用在公函上收信h的称?/P>
Dear Sir: (你看Q冒号前没有MI格?
We were very honored to have you come visit our company.
============================================
6.2 冒号用于分开标题和副标题(当一标题需要进一步说明时所加上的副标题)
1. Math Applications: Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks
(标题Math Applications和副标题Using Calculus to Determine the Age of Rocks?BR>间以冒号隔开)
2. I recommend Chinnery's book Oak Furniture: the British Tradition. (Oak
Furniture是书名，the British Tradition是副标题)
=============================================
6.3 冒号必须加在完整句子或独立子句之?/P>
最常见的冒L法上的错误就是将冒号攑֜完整句或独立子句的中间。看看下面的例子
Q?/P>
Every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer, and a saw.
其中Every repairman must have是不是有完整的意思呢Q显然意思ƈ不完整。因此句
子中的冒h多馀的。如果要用冒L话，上面句子应该写成下面的样子：
There are three things every repairman must have: a screwdriver, a hammer,
and a saw.
看看冒号前There are three things every repairman must haveQ它是不是有完整?BR>意思呢Q“每一位修理员必备三样东西”可见意思是完整的，虽然你还会问是哪三样?BR>西呢Q因此冒号后面就列出那三样东西了?/P>
现在我们知道在冒号前必须是的完整意思的句子或子句，跟冒号后的可不一定是个句?BR>或子句。它可能是一个列表，甚至可能只是一个单词。因此前面D的那个例子错在哪?BR>也就明白了吧。下面给出它的正误句Q?/P>
错误句：For our camping trip, I brought: a lantern, a sleeping bag, food,
water, and a flashlight.
正确句：For our camping trip, I brought various essential items: a lantern,
a sleeping bag, food, water, and a flashlight.
--------------------------------------------
6.3.1 一些例?/P>
1. Africa is facing a terrifying problem: perpetual drought(持箋q旱). (冒号
后说明非z所面对的困?
2. The situation is clear: if you have unprotected sex with a stranger, you
risk AIDS. (说明你的处境是什?
3. She was sure of one thing: she was not going to be a housewife. (说明?BR>肯定的是什么事)
4. We found the place easily: your directions were perfect. (说明Z么那?BR>Ҏ扑ֈ那个地方)
5. Several friends have provided me with inspiration: Tim, Ian, and above
all, Larry. (说明是哪几个朋友)
------------------------------------------------
6.3.2 反过来也?/P>
1. Saussure, Sapir, Bloomfield, Chomsky: all these have revolutionized
linguistics in one way or another.
================================================
6.4 冒号用于注明引用圣经的章?/P>
1. The story of Menahem is found in II Kings 15:1422.
================================================
6.5 冒号用于表示比例
1. Among students of French, women outnumber men by more than 4:1. (4:1=4?BR>1,用文字说是by more than four to one)
================================================
6.6 冒号用于表示旉(国?
1. 2:15 (两点十五? (英国?2.15)
2. 11:30 (A) (上午十一点三十分) (英国?11.30 am)
======================================================
你说英文冒号的用法和中文的有什么不同呢Q?
]]>
www.iselong.com 作?kohtp
_ֽ专题:起个好听的英文名
正品ONLY_色胸花点点甜美衫只?9?BR>
谈谈介词(Preposition)(一)
介词在英语用词里也属于难~的一个项目。因为它涉及斚w很广Q而且变化多端Q往
往令h捉摸不定Q记h很麻烦。因此就有有心h弄了一个《介词口诀》来帮助学习?BR>Q也有h写了《Preposition Song》o学习者一面唱歌一面轻村֜记忆介词的用法?/P>
介词英文叫作Preposition (Uprep)Q它由pre和positionl成Qpre是前面的?BR>思，而position是位|的意思。因此以前中文译作“前|词”，是一U放在名??BR>相当于名词的词语)前面的虚词?/P>
一、常用的介词
about,above,across,after,against,around,at,
before,behind,below,beneath,beside,besides,between,beyond,by,
down,during,
except,
for,from,
in,inside,into,
like,
near,
of,off,on,out,outside,over,
since,
through,throughout,till,to,toward,
under,until,up,upon,
with,without,
according to,
because of,
by way of,
in addition to,
in front of,
in place of,
in regard to,
in spite of,
instead of,
on account of,
out of.
哇，q么一大堆Q别怕别怕，大部份的介词都不隄解，比较令h头痛的只是下列几?BR>Q?/P>
at, by, to, in, for, of, on, from, with
其中又以 at, by, in, on 为四大“要?Q学习介词就是要抓住q几"要犯"Q看?BR>吧，嘿嘿!!
q回p到这里吧Q噢Q对了，下回p我们先来一道《Preposition Song》洋吧?/P>
谈谈介词(Preposition)(?
二、Preposition Song (括号内是一部䆾介词用法提示Q是我加?
(本曲找不到原谱，但你可以自己配上适当的。如下面单曲子就是例子：
3212/333-/222-/333-/3212/333-/2232/111-//)
1. In the summer at the seaside (季节用in, 在v边用at)
On the coast we like it fine (在v岸用on)
but in winter ,yes ,at Christmas (在圣诞用at)
By the fireside we recline (攄) (在炉边用by)
2. In July we went to Kenya (月䆾用in)
Stayed in Lamu by the sea, (住在Lamu用in)
We came back to Tanzania
Then across Victoria sea
3. Did you come here in a taxi? (乘出U汽车用in)
Or by bus, or on the train? (乘公共汽车用by, 乘火车用on)
Did you come on foot this evening (步行用on)
Or perhaps by aeroplane? (乘飞机用by)
4. Will you come to tea on Monday? (在星期一用on)
I′ll be home at half past three (旉三点半用at)
Yes, I′ll stay for half an hour (长达半小时用for)
if you buy some beer for me (l我for me)
5. In the morning I drink coffee (早晨用in the morning)
In the afternoon there′s tea (下午用in the afternoon)
In the evening I have cocoa (傍晚用in the evening)
Yes, at night ,it′s good for me. (晚上用at night)
6. Where′s my pencil?In the kitchen (厨房里in the kitchen)
On the table near the chair (在桌上on the table, 在椅边near the chair)
Underneath the cup and saucer (在杯和碟的下?underneath...)
Just behind the teapot there (在茶壶后边behind...)
7. Can you tell me how to get to
Mr. Johnson′s coffee-bar?
Down the street and round the corner (down the street 沿着街道,round...l过)
Past the church and there you are
8. Where′s the bookshop? Over there,dear (over there 那里)
First turn left,then go straight on,
Along the road,across the market (沿着路along the road, I过市场 across...)
It′s in front of you, dear John (在你前面 in front of you)
9. There is nothing on the radio (q播on the radio)
"Songs with orchestra" they said. (with后orchestra为有形物,无Ş物则用by)
I′m not interested in music (interested in 兴趣?
so I think I′ll go to bed
10. In a moment I′ll be finished (in a moment 片刻?
With these prepositions-so
I will say to you in English
till the next time, cheerio (加a呀) (till... 直到)
怎样Q唱完十D|词，你就学到许多介词用法喽。其中包括四大“要犯”at, by, in,
on。另外再加上许多虫虫蚁蚁Q有的还得劳驾找一扑֖Q呵c?BR>大家多唱几遍Q下回我们再见时Q你更加胸有成“介”了Q哈哈?/P>
谈谈介词(Preposition)(?
q里提供一个学习介词at, in, on 的灯片文g(PowerPoint)Q可供初学者用。其
内容包括有关介词用法课文、通过歌曲学介词、通过一个请柬学习介词、测验题。其?BR>所有中文都是我附上的?/P>
Z配合q个qȝ片所介绍的三个介词：at, in, onQ下面我们较深入Cl它??BR>带谈by) 的用法?/P>
二、介词at, in, on, by 表示地方、地炏V位|?
2.1 at 把地斏V地炏V位|当作一个“点”：
1. The begger is sitting at the corner. 那乞丐坐在角落里?BR>2. Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop. Jane在巴士站{你?BR>3. at home 在家
4. Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口？
5. at the top of the page 在一늚上面
6. The shop is at the end of the road. 那商店就在\的尾端?BR>7. at the entrance 在进口处
8. at the crossroads 在十字\?BR>9. When will you arrive at the office? 你什么时候会到公司呢Q?BR>10. I'm in France, at Paris. 我住在法国巴黎?相对法国来讲Q巴黎只是一?BR>“点?
11. There is a small hut at the foot of the hill. p下有一座小屋子?BR>12. My aunt lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
我的姑妈住在Durham,Boretz 路门?5受?地址要用atQ不能用in)
13. at the side 在一?BR>14. at reception 在招待会?BR>15. I'm at work. 我在工作?BR>16. at class/ home/ the library/ the office/ school 在班?安/图书??BR>?学校
2.2 in 把地斏V地炏V位|当作一个范围或一个封闭的I间Q?/STRONG>
1. I live in London. 我住在u敦?大城市用in)
2. I live in England, at London. 我住在英国u敦?England大过London?
3. I live in a big city, my sister lives at a small town. 我住在大城市Q我
姐姐住在一个小市镇?如果把city看做一个圆圈，small town成一个点。因此就in
a city, at a small town. 呵呵)
4. We have a meeting in Beijing. 我们有北京有一个会议?BR>5. Mars is in the Solar System. 火星在太阳系里?BR>6. in a car 乘汽?(不是 on a car 也不?by a car ?
7. in a taxi 乘的?(不是 on a taxi ?by a taxi )
8. in a helicopter 乘直升机
9. in a boat 乘小?BR>10. in a lift (elevator) 乘电?(甉|像个W子Q当然要?in ?
11. in the newspaper 在报?BR>12. in the sky 在空?BR>13. in the bed 在床?(也可?on the bed)
14. in the bedroom/ class/ library/ school 在寝?译֮/图书?学校
2.3 on 把地斏V地炏V位|当作一个^面：
1. The author's name is on the cover of the book. 在书的封面上有作者的?BR>字?BR>2. There are no prices on this menu. 在这菜单上没有h钱?BR>3. You are standing on my foot. 你踏到我的脚了?BR>4. There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall. 在那墙上有个“不准吸烟”的?BR>子?BR>5. I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London. 我住在u敦牛z街
21号八楹{?7th floor 是八楼Q注意句中的 on, at, in 的用?
6. on a bus 乘巴?(不是 in a bus ?
7. on a train 乘火?(可想像“骑”在火R上，哈哈)
8. on a plane 乘飞?(可想像“骑”在飞机?
9. on a ship 乘轮?BR>10. on a bicycle, on a motorbike 骑自行R/摩托?BR>11. on a horse, on an elephant 骑马/?BR>12. on the radio, on television 听广播、看电视
13. on the left, on the right 在左辏V在双
14. on the way 在\?BR>15. on the bed 在床?(也可?in the bed)
16. on the ceiling 在天花板?BR>17. on the floor 在地板上
2.4 by 用在表示位置(有在旁、脓q、靠q之?Q?/STRONG>
1. by the fire 在炉?BR>2. by the seaside 在v?BR>3. a path by the river 沿河道\
4. by the nearest road 走近?/P>
我想要记忆介词的用法Q就得用一Ҏ象力加以联想。如Qat home, at the door, at
the corner{等Q可惌“at安口的角落里”。再比如: in Beijing, in a car, in
a taxi, in a boat, in a helicopter, in the sky ... 可想象ؓ“In 北京Q乘?BR>车，乘的士，再乘船Q乘上直升机在空中飞”?/P>
下回我们要谈的?at, in, on 用来表示旉的方面。再会！
谈谈介词(Preposition)(?
三、at, in, on, by 用来表示旉
3.1 at (在、于)用指明一特定的时间、节日、年龄：
1. at dawn/ at night/ at noon/ at midnight /at daybreak
在黎?在夜?在中?在午?在日出时
2. I go to school at seven in the morning. (at seven) 我早上七炚wM学?/P>
3. at half past five (五点q半时) 在五点半
4. at a quarter to seven (q四分之一时到七点) 六点四十五分
5. The train is due at 12.15 p.m. (at 12.15p.m.)
那班火R的到站时间是12?5分?/P>
6. at mid-autumn festival/ at Christmas / at Spring Festival
在中U节/ 在圣诞节 /在春?/P>
7. at forty 在四十岁?/P>
3.2 in (在、在…之内、在…期间、在…后、过…后)
指明Q天、年、月、季节、周ơ：
1. in the morning 在早?(不可说at the morining。鬼才知道ؓ什么不可用atQ?BR>大约因ؓat 没有“在…期间”的意思吧 )
2. in the afternoon 在下?(在下午这D|_呵呵,举一反三?
3. She likes to work in the evening. (或in the night) 她喜Ƣ在晚上工作?/P>
4. in the day time 在白?/P>
5. in 2002 (2002可读作two thousand two) ?002q?/P>
6. He's to quit in May. (in May)他在五月p职了?/P>
7. He went to Tokyo in June 2002. (in June 2002)他于2002q六月去东京?/P>
8. in the second week of July 在七月䆾的第二周
9. It's too cold in winter to run outside. (in winter) 冬天里出外跑步是?BR>冷了?/P>
10. in two months 在两个月?/P>
11. in those days 在当?/P>
3.3 on (在…时、在(某日)、在某日??晚、当…时候、和…同时、刚一?指明Q?BR>日子、日期、星期加上早午晚
1. on the first 在一?指某月一?如二可说second{。其实意思是指某月的W?BR>几天)
2. We're having a party on the fifth of June. (?on June the fifth)
我们会在六月五日举行一个晚会?/P>
3. on July the third 1990 ?990q???/P>
4. My brother is coming on Sunday. (on Sunday) 我的哥哥会在星期天来?/P>
5. on Sunday morning /afternoon 在星期天早上/下午
6. on Friday evening 在星期五晚上
7. on the next morning 隔天早上
8. on the following afternoon 在下一个傍?/P>
9. on the night before 在前一个晚?/P>
10.on the morning of 5th 在五L早上
(你可能会说ؓ什么不是in the morning? 如果你把morning of 抽掉,可看出原来?BR>on the 5th喽。morning 也可换成evening, afternoon)
11. on the afternoon of his birthday
在他生日那天下午 (on the afternoon 不可?in...Q同
?
3.4 by (的时候、到、等到…已l? 用在天、时_
1. by day 白天(的时?
2. by 2 o'clock C炚w
3. by this time {到现在(已经)?/P>
4. miss by a minute q一分钟
要记住这些规则，可以用上回我们提到的“联x”。加油喔Q再会?/P>
谈谈介词(Preposition)(?
四、for, since 用于表示旉Q?/P>
4.1 我们?for 用计量时?q、月、日、时、分、秒{?
1. He held his breath for five minutes. 他闭息达五分钟?/P>
2. She's lived there for ten years. 她住在那里已有十q?/P>
3. The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.
英国人和爱尔Ch之间的争吵已有七个世U了?/P>
4.2 我们?since 表示明确的日期或旉Q?/P>
1. He's woked here since 1980. 自从1970q他在此工作?/P>
2. She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.
自两点半她就坐在{候室了?/P>
五、表C动作的介词Qto ,toward或不用介词：
5.1 我们?to 表示向某处移动：
1. They were driving to work together. 他们一同开车去工作?/P>
2. She's going to the destist's office this morning. 今早她去看牙包R?/P>
5.2 toward 表示Ud某处Q?/P>
1. We're moving toward the light. 我们向灯光处Ud?/P>
2. This is a big step towards the project's completion.
q是对于工程的完成前q了一大步?/P>
5.3 不需要介词的词：home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs,
upstairs ...
1. Grandma went upstairs.
2. Rama went home.
3. She came inside.
六、介词与名词、Ş容词、动词的l合Q?BR> 在英语里介词有时和其他的字紧密地l合在一P可以当作一个词来看待。这U组
合很多，需要^时多加注意?/P>
6.1 名词+介词Q?/P>
1. approval of 批准
2. awareness of 意识?BR>3. grasp of 把握?BR>4. hatred of 憎恶
5. desire for 要求、愿?BR>6. fondness for 爱好 (I've a fondness for collecting stamps.)
7. hope for 希望、期?(hope for the best 乐观)
8. need for 必要 (There is no need for hurrying.)
9. reason for 有必Z…的理由 (have reason for...)
10. respect for 敬 (have respect for...)
11. belief in 信Q?BR>12. interest in 对……有兴趣
13. success in 成功、成?/P>
6.2 形容?+ 介词Q?/P>
1. afraid of (He is not afraid of anything.)
2. aware of 觉得
3. capable of ?(The tank is capable of holding 8 kg. of water.)
4. fond of 喜爱 (He's fond of fishing.)
5. jealous of 嫉妒?BR>6. made of 用……制成的
7. proud of 对……感觉光?(I'm proud of his acquaintance. 认识他是我的?BR>荣?
8. sure of 信 (You may be sure of his honesty.)
9. tired of 厌倦的
10. careless about 不关心、不重视
11. worried about 自找烦恼
12. familiar with 熟悉于、精通于
13. interested in 兴趣?BR>14. sorry for 懊悔、觉得过意不?(You will be sorry for this some day.)
6.3 动词 + 介词Q?q类l合特别多。要特别注意同一个动词配上不同的介词Q意?BR>׃同了)
1. care about 兛_ (He doesn't care about other people. 他不兛_别h?
2. care for 喜欢 (Would you care for a cup of coffee? 你喜Ƣ来杯咖啡吗Q?
3. take care of 照顾 (Take care of yourseft. 照顾自己喔?
4. dream about 梦到 (I dreamt about you last night. 昨晚我梦C?
5. dream of 梦想 (I often dream of being rich. 我时常梦惛_达了?
6. hear about 听到关于……的详情 (Have you hear about Jane? )
7. hear of 听到……的??(Have you heard of a place called 'Mulu'?)
8. hear from 得到……的消息 (Have you heard from Ann recently?)
9. look at 注视、考察(Why you look at me like that?)
10. look for 找、指?(Can you help me look for my keys?)
11. look after 照应、看?(She is ill, she needs someone to look after
her.)
12. think about 思烦、考虑 (What are you thinking about?)
13. think of 惌v、企?(He told me his name but I can't think of it now.)
七、多余的介词Q?不必加上介词的地方就不要随意加上,括号内的介词d?
1. She met (up with) the new coach in the hallway.
2. The book fell off (of) the desk.
3. He threw the book out (of) the window.
4. She wouldn't let the cat inside (of) the house.
5. Where did they go (to)?
6. Where is your college (at)?
八、句子里q列的介词：
8.1 如ƈ列的介词相同Q可d一Q?括号里的介词删去)
1. You can wear that outfit in summer and (in) winter.
2. The female was both attracted (by)(被吸? and distracted by(使分?
the male's dance.
8.2 如ƈ列的介词不相同，相关的介词必需列出Q?/P>
1. The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie. (interested
in感兴?/ disgusted by讨厌)
2. It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from
every game he played. (contribute to付出 / learn from 从…学?
3. He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman. (fascinated
by被迷?/ enamored of 們ֿ?
英文介词实在是太多了QD不胜举。有兴趣的可找一本介词词典研I一番，也许有朝一
日能成ؓ介词专家也说不定喔?
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