利用XMLBean轻轻松松��d��XML

冬天��的猪 — Thu, 16 Aug 2007 10:21:00 GMT

版权声明�Q�本文可以自��p�{载，转蝲时请务必以超链接形式标明文章原始出处和作者信息及本声�?/span>
作�?叶枫(http://blog.matrix.org.cn/page/叶枫)
原文:[http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/44/44027_XMLBean.html]http://www.matrix.org.cn/resource/article/44/44027_XMLBean.html[/url]
关键�?XML XMLBean Parser

一、关于XML解析

  XML在Java应用�E�序里变得越来越重要, �q�泛应用于数据存储和
交换. 比如我们常见的配�|�文�?都是以XML方式存储�? XML�q�应�?br>于Java Message Service和Web Services�{�技术作为数据交�?
因此,正确��d��XML文档是XML应用的基��.
  Java提供了SAX和DOM两种方式用于解析XML,但即便如�?要读写一�?br>�E�微复杂的XML,也不是一件容易的�?

二、XMLBean��?/span>

    Hibernate已经成�ؓ目前��行的面向Java环境的对�?关系数据库映��工�?
在Hibernate�{�对�?关系数据库映��工具出��C��?�Ҏ(gu��)��据库的操作是
通过JDBC来实现的,�Ҏ(gu��)��据库的�Q何操�?开发�h员都要自己写SQL语句
来实�? 对象/关系数据库映��工具出现后,�Ҏ(gu��)��据库的操作�{成对
JavaBean的操�?极大方便了数据库开�? 所以如果有一个类似的工具能够
实现��对XML的读写�{成对JavaBean的操�?��会��化XML的读�?即��对XML
不熟�(zh��n)�的开发�h员也能方便地��d��XML. �q�个工具��是XMLBean.

三、准备XMLBean和XML文��

   XMLBean是Apache的一个开源项�?可以从http://www.apache.org下蝲,
最新的版本�?.0. 解压后目录如�?
xmlbean2.0.0
     +---bin
     +---docs
     +---lib
     +---samples
     +---schemas

另外�q�要准备一个XML文档(customers.xml),
在本文的例子�?我们��对�q�个文��q�行��d��操作. 文档源码如下:




    
            1
            female
            Jessica
            Lim
            1234567
            
                
                        350106
                        #25-1
                        SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
                
                
                        Ms Danielle
                        350107
                        #167
                        NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY
                
            

    
    
            2
            male
            David
            Bill
            808182
            
                
                        319087
                        1033 WS St.
                        Tima Road
                
                
                        Mr William
                        672993
                        1033 WS St.
                        Tima Road

�q�是一个客��L��数据模型,每个客户都有客户�~�号(ID),姓名,性别(gender),
�?sh��)话��L��(phoneNumber)和地址,其中地址有两�? 首要地址(PrimaryAddress)
和帐单地址(BillingAddress),每个地址有邮�~?地址1,和地址2�l�成.
其中帐单地址�q�有收�g�?receiver).

此外,�q�要准备一个配�|�文�?文�g名customer.xsdconfig),�q�个文�g�?br>作用我后面会�?它的内容如下:




  
    sample.xmlbean

四、XMLBean使用步骤

    和其他面向Java环境的对�?关系数据库映��工��L��使用步骤一�?
在正式��用XMLBean�?我们要作两个准备.

    1. 生成XML Schema文�g

       什么是XML Schema文�g? 正常情况�?每个XML文�g都有一个Schema文�g,
       XML Schema文�g是一个XML的约束文�?它定义了XML文�g的结构和元素.
       以及对元素和�l�构的约�? 通俗地讲,如果说XML文�g是数据库里的记录,
       那么Schema��是表结构定�?

       ��Z��么需要这个文�? XMLBean需要通过�q�个文�g知道一个XML文�g�?br>       �l�构以及�U�束,比如数据�c�d��{? 利用�q�个Schema文�g,XMLBean��会产生
       一�p�d��相关的Java Classes来实现对XML的操�? 而作为开发�h�?则是
       利用XMLBean产生的Java Classes来完成对XML的操作而不需要SAX或DOM.

       怎样产生�q�个Schema文�g�? 如果对于熟�?zh��n)�XML的开发�h�?可以自己�?br>       写这个Schema文�g,对于不熟�(zh��n)�XML的开发�h�?可以通过一些工��h��完成.
       比较有名的如XMLSPY和Stylus Studio都可以通过XML文�g来生成Schema
       文�g. 加入我们已经生成�q�个Schema文�g(customer.xsd):


       
                         elementFormDefault="qualified">
         
           
             
                                          type="customerType"/>

    2. 利用scomp来生成Java Classes

       scomp是XMLBean提供的一个编译工�?它在bin的目录下. 通过�q�个工具,
       我们可以��以上的Schema文�g生成Java Classes.
       scomp的语法如�?-


       scomp [options] [dirs]* [schemaFile.xsd]* [service.wsdl]* [config.xsdconfig]*

       主要参数说明:
       -src [dir]                  -- 生成的Java Classes存放目录
     -srconly                  -- 不编译Java Classes,不��生Jar文�g
     -out [jarFileName]  -- 生成的Jar文�g,�~�省是xmltypes.jar
       -compiler                 -- Java�~�译器的路径,即Javac的位�|?br>       schemaFile.xsd    -- XML Schema文�g位置
       config.xsdconfig   -- xsdconfig文�g的位�|? �q�个文�g主要用来制定生成的Java Class
                              的一些文件名规则和Package的名�U?在本�?package是sample.xmlbean

       在本�?我是�q�样�q�行�?


       scomp -src build\src  -out build\customerXmlBean.jar schema\customer.xsd
             -compiler C:\jdk142_04\bin\javac customer.xsdconfig

       �q�个命��o行的意思是告诉scomp生成customerXmlBean.jar,攑֜�build目录�?同时
       生成源代码放在build\src�? Schema文�g是customer.xsd,xsdconfig文�g是customer.xsdconfig.

       其实, 生成的Java源代码没有多大作�?我们要的是jar文�g.我们先看一下build\src\sample\xmlbean下生成的Classes.


          CustomersDocument.java    -- 整个XML文档的Java Class映射
       CustomerType.java              -- 节点sustomer的映��?br>       AddressType.java                 -- 节点address的映��?br>       BillingAddressType.java        -- 节点billingAddress的映��?br>       PrimaryAddressType.java      -- 节点primaryAddress的映��?br>

       好了,到此我们所有的准备工作已经完成�? 下面��开始进入重点：利用刚才生成的jar文�g��d��XML.

五、利用XMLBean读XML文�g

    新徏一个Java Project,��XMLBean2.0.0\lib\下的Jar文�g和刚才我们生成的customerXmlBean.jar加入
    到Project的ClassPath.

    新徏一个Java Class: CustomerXMLBean.  源码如下:


    package com.sample.reader;

    import java.io.File;
    
    import sample.xmlbean.*;
    import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
    import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlOptions;
    public class CustomerXMLBean {
    private String filename = null;
    
    public CustomerXMLBean(String filename) {
            super();
            this.filename = filename;
    }

    public void customerReader() {
            try {
              File xmlFile = new File(filename);
              CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
              CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
          
              for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
                CustomerType customer = customers[i];
                println("Customer#" + i);
                println("Customer ID:" + customer.getId());
                println("First name:" + customer.getFirstname());
                println("Last name:" + customer.getLastname());
                println("Gender:" + customer.getGender());
                println("PhoneNumber:" + customer.getPhoneNumber());
                // Primary address
                PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = customer.getAddress().getPrimaryAddress();
                println("PrimaryAddress:");
                println("PostalCode:" + primaryAddress.getPostalCode());
                println("AddressLine1:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine1());
                println("AddressLine2:" + primaryAddress.getAddressLine2());
                // Billing address
                BillingAddressType billingAddress = customer.getAddress().getBillingAddress();
                println("BillingAddress:");
                println("Receiver:" + billingAddress.getReceiver());
                println("PostalCode:" + billingAddress.getPostalCode());
                println("AddressLine1:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine1());
                println("AddressLine2:" + billingAddress.getAddressLine2());
            
              }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
            }
    }
    private void println(String str) {
          System.out.println(str);
    }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers.xml";
                   
     CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                   customerXMLBean.customerReader();
    }

    }

�q�行�?参看输出�l�果:


       Customer#0
       Customer ID:1
       First name:Jessica
       Last name:Lim
       Gender:female
       PhoneNumber:1234567
       PrimaryAddress:
       PostalCode:350106
       AddressLine1:#25-1
       AddressLine2:SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
       BillingAddress:
       Receiver:Ms Danielle
       PostalCode:350107
       AddressLine1:#167
       AddressLine2:NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY

       Customer#1
       Customer ID:2
       First name:David
       Last name:Bill
       Gender:male
       PhoneNumber:808182
       PrimaryAddress:
       PostalCode:319087
       AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
       AddressLine2:Tima Road
       BillingAddress:
       Receiver:Mr William
       PostalCode:672993
       AddressLine1:1033 WS St.
       AddressLine2:Tima Road

    怎么�?是不是很��L��? XMLBean的威�?

六、利用XMLBean写XML文�g

    利用XMLBean创徏一个XML文��也是一件轻而易丄��?我们再增加一个Method,
    ��L��一下的Java Class:


    public void createCustomer() {
    try {
        // Create Document
        CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.newInstance();
        // Add new customer
        CustomerType customer = doc.addNewCustomers().addNewCustomer();
        // set customer info
        customer.setId(3);
        customer.setFirstname("Jessica");
        customer.setLastname("Lim");
        customer.setGender("female");
        customer.setPhoneNumber("1234567");
        // Add new address
        AddressType address = customer.addNewAddress();
        // Add new PrimaryAddress
        PrimaryAddressType primaryAddress = address.addNewPrimaryAddress();
        primaryAddress.setPostalCode("350106");
        primaryAddress.setAddressLine1("#25-1");
        primaryAddress.setAddressLine2("SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME");

        // Add new BillingAddress
        BillingAddressType billingAddress = address.addNewBillingAddress();
        billingAddress.setReceiver("Ms Danielle");
        billingAddress.setPostalCode("350107");
        billingAddress.setAddressLine1("#167");
        billingAddress.setAddressLine2("NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY");

        File xmlFile = new File(filename);
        doc.save(xmlFile);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
        }

  }

修改main method.


    public static void main(String[] args) {
    String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
        CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
        customerXMLBean.createCustomer();
    }

�q�行,打开customers_new.xml:


    
    
    
            3
            female
            Jessica
            Lim
            1234567
            
                    
                         350106
                         #25-1
                                       SHINSAYAMA 2-CHOME
                    
                    
                        Ms Danielle
                        350107
                       #167
                       NORTH TOWER HARBOUR CITY

七、利用XMLBean修改XML文�g

我们再增加一个Method:


      public void updateCustomer(int id,String lastname) {
         try {
        File xmlFile = new File(filename);
        CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
        CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();
      
        for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
           CustomerType customer = customers[i];
          if(customer.getId()==id){
                customer.setLastname(lastname);
                break;
            }
        }
        doc.save(xmlFile);
         } catch (Exception ex) {
          ex.printStackTrace();
         }
           }

main method:


    public static void main(String[] args) {
     String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                    
    CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                    
    customerXMLBean.updateCustomer(3,"last");
    }

    �q�行之后,我们��会看到客户�~�号�?的客��L��lastname已经改�ؓlast.

八、利用XMLBean删除一个customer

    再增加一个Method:


    public void deleteCustomer(int id) {
     try {
      File xmlFile = new File(filename);
     CustomersDocument doc = CustomersDocument.Factory.parse(xmlFile);
    CustomerType[] customers = doc.getCustomers().getCustomerArray();

   for (int i = 0; i < customers.length; i++) {
        CustomerType customer = customers[i];
        if(customer.getId()==id){
                        customer.setNil() ;
                        break;
               }
   }
   doc.save(xmlFile);
   } catch (Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();
        }
   }

main method:


    public static void main(String[] args) {
    String filename = "F://JavaTest//Eclipse//XMLBean//xml//customers_new.xml";
                    
    CustomerXMLBean customerXMLBean = new CustomerXMLBean(filename);
                    
    customerXMLBean.deleteCustomer(3);
    }

�q�行,我们��会看到客户�~�号�?的客��L��资料已经被删�?

�?ji��)、查询XML

    除了本文在以上讲�q�的,利用XMLBean能轻��L��村֮�成XML的读写操作外,�l�合XPath和XQuery,
   XMLBean�q�能完成象SQL查询数据库一��h��便地查询XML数据. 关于XML查询以及如何创徏XML数据�? 我将在另一��文章里讨论.

十、结束语
    XMLBean能帮助我们轻易读写XML,�q�将有助于我们降低XML的学习和使用,有了�q�个基础,
    开发�h员将为学习更多地XML相关技术和Web Services,JMS�{�其他J2EE技术打下良好地基础.

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利用XMLBean轻轻松松��d��XML