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我眼中的开发和��试

paulwong — Mon, 01 Dec 2014 12:55:00 GMT

摘要�Q�在IT行业�Q�开发和��试之间的关�p�M��直是一个大家��|�z�乐道的话题。那在周兆熊��g��Q�开发和��试是什么样的？他进行了�l�致的说明，�q�就两者的关系�l�出了一些徏议�?nbsp;
在IT行业�Q�开发和��试之间的关�p�M��直是一个大家��|�z�乐道的话题。在整个软�g产品的生命周期中�Q�开发和��试人员所做的工作分别对应不同的阶�D�，如图1所�C��?nbsp;

�? 开发和��试人员的分�?/div>
工作内容

从图1可以看出�Q�开发和��试是一个上下游的关�p�R�?nbsp;

具体而言�Q�开发�h员主要做�q�几件事情：

�W�一�Q�对软�g需求说明书�q�行详细评审�Q�弄清楚要开发一个什么样的��Y件�?nbsp;

�W�二�Q�编写��Y件详�l�设计、单元测试和集成��试规程文档。��Y件详�l�设计文档是最重要的文档，在里面，要写清楚自己�E�序的流�E�、函数设计、异�怿�护考虑�{�。在动手写程序之前，一定要��Y件详�l�设计文档写好，�{�评审通过了再写代码�?nbsp;

�W�三�Q�编写代码，用程序实现��Y件的功能。很多�h认�ؓ的��Y件开发就是写代码�Q�其实这是一�U�很狭隘的理解，写代码在整个开发流�E�中�Q�只占了很小的部分�?nbsp;

�W�四�Q�程序写好之后，开发�h员要对它�q�行单元��试和集成测试也叫（自测�Q�，��保�E�序的正��性。这里就出现�?#8220;��试”二字�Q�但与��Y件测试所做的“��试”是不同的�Q�他们做的是“�pȝ��试”。等自测通过之后�Q��ƈ且相��x��档也写好之后�Q�就可以提交�E�序版本�Q�供��试人员�q�行��试了�?nbsp;

相对开发，��试人员主要做这几�g事情�Q?nbsp;

�W�一�Q�参与��Y仉��求说明书的评审，对��Y件要实现的功能有一个大致的了解�?nbsp;

�W�二�Q�搭建测试环境。这个是很重要的�Q�也是比较难的事情。什么是“��试环境”呢？��是��_��不管什么��Y�Ӟ��都有个运行的条�g�Q�如操作�pȝ��c�d��、参数设�|�及配套软硬件设施等�Q�这些统�U�Cؓ“环境”。�ؓ了保证程序功能的正确性，要在软�g发布之前�Q�尽量模拟��Y件实际的�q�行环境�Q�这��是搭徏��试环境时要做的事情。很多��Y件在正式商用之后出问题，��是��试的时候没有还原现场环境所致�?nbsp;

�W�三�Q�对软�g�q�行�pȝ��试�q�输出测试报告。所谓系�l�测试，��是指将配套的所有��Y仉��q�行��h��Q�看一下所有的功能是否正常。当出现问题的时候，要及时和开发�h员联�p�，以修正��Y件缺陗��?nbsp;

�W�四�Q�指导现��Z�h员安装��Y件程序，�q�在必要的时候亲自出差到现场��d��装��Y件。因此，��试人员也可能会�l�常出差的�?nbsp;

“三��鼎立”

开发�h员的主要��d��是用�E�序完成软�g需求，而测试�h员的主要��d��则是保证�E�序功能的正��性，他们做事的依据都是需求开发工�E�师�~�写的需求说明书�?nbsp;

在实际的软�g开发项目中�Q�需求开发工�E�师、��Y件开发工�E�师和��Y件测试工�E�师之间的交��是很频�J�的�Q�如�?所�C��?nbsp;

�? 三类角色�?#8220;三��鼎立”

��像“三国时期”的魏蜀�?#8220;三��鼎立”一��P��需求开发工�E�师、��Y件开发工�E�师和��Y件测试工�E�师所站的立场不同�Q�对软�g的认识也不同。大安��要相互讨论、协商，挑选出一套最佳的软�g实现�Ҏ��?nbsp;

一些徏�?/strong>

在完成��Y件研发的�q�程中，开发和��试之间的关�p�非常的“微妙”�Q�时而合作如亲�h�Q�时而争论如敌�h。我认�ؓ�Q��ؓ了做出高质量的��Y件��品来�Q�开发和��试需要做刎ͼ�

�W�一�Q�共同参与��Y仉��求文档的评审�Q�对�E�序要实现的功能有一个清晰的认识。如果对需求有疑问�Q�一定要当面提出来�?nbsp;

�W�二�Q�在寚w��求达成共识之后，软�g开发�h员严格按照��Y仉��求文档上的描�q�来�~�写�E�序�Q�如果在�E�序实现上有困难�Q�要提出来和大家讨论。��Y件测试�h员严格按照需求的描述来验证程序的功能�Q�如果发现程序实��C��需求不�W�，要及时与软�g开发�h员联�p�，大家共同��程序问题解��x��?nbsp;

�W�三�Q�如果开发时间紧张、�h手不��I��那么在开发�h员编写程序的时候，��试人员可以帮忙把测试环境搭建好。等�E�序�~�写好之后，开发�h员便可以立即�q�行单元��试和集成测试�?nbsp;

�W�四�Q�不��是需求有问题�Q�还是程序有�~�陷�Q�大安��可以指出来。但注意要就事论事，不可��Y仉��题上升�ؓ对特定个人的��n��d��?nbsp;

�W�五�Q�虽然是各司其职�Q�也许还�w�处不同的部门，但大家的共同目标是一致的�Q�做��客户满意的、高质量的��Y件��品。开发和��试人员要�ؓ了这个目标，一起努力�?nbsp;

�l�束�?/strong>

一个��Y件��品的成功需要从各个环节上去把握�Q�因此用人的左手和右手的关系来比��d��发和��试之间的关�p�L��为恰当。好的��Y件��品需要开发和��两手抓�Q�两手都要硬�?nbsp;

paulwong 2014-12-01 20:55 发表评论

单元��试、集成测试和�pȝ��试的不同之处[转]

paulwong — Fri, 21 Nov 2014 01:09:00 GMT

首先�Q�他们的��试�Ҏ��不同�Q?br />
单元��试属于白盒��试�Q?br />
集成��试属于灰盒��试的范��_��

�pȝ��试属于黑盒��试�?br />

其次�Q�他们的考察范围不同�Q�也��是他们��试的重点不同：

单元��试主要��试单元内部的数据结构、逻辑控制、异常处理等�{�；

集成��试主要��试模块之间的接口和接口数据传递的关系�Q�以及模块组合后的整体功能；

�pȝ��试主要��试整个�pȝ��相对于需求的�W�合度�?

再次�Q�他们的基准不同�Q?br />
单元��试评估的主要是逻辑覆盖率；

集成��试评估的主要是接口覆盖率；

�pȝ��试评估的是��试用例寚w��求规格的覆盖率�?img src ="http://m.tkk7.com/paulwong/aggbug/420382.html" width = "1" height = "1" />

paulwong 2014-11-21 09:09 发表评论

paulwong — Sat, 25 Oct 2014 01:42:00 GMT
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-sync-samples/tree/master/spring-rest-todos

package todos;

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.*;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.*;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

/**
* @author Roy Clarkson
*/
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration(classes = Application.class)
@Ignore
public class MainControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext context;

    @Mock
    private TodoRepository repository;

    @InjectMocks
    TodoController mainController;

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(mainController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void testList() throws Exception {
        final Todo a = new Todo(1L, "a", false);
        final Todo b = new Todo(2L, "b", false);
        final Todo c = new Todo(3L, "c", false);
        when(repository.findAll()).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(a, b, c));

        mvc.perform(get("/todos")
                    .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$", hasSize(3)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].id", is(1)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].description", is("a")))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[0].complete", is(false)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].id", is(2)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].description", is("b")))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[1].complete", is(false)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[2].id", is(3)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[2].description", is("c")))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$[2].complete", is(false)));

         verify(repository, times(1)).findAll();
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(repository);
    }

    @Ignore
    @Test
    public void testPatch() throws Exception {

    }

    @Test
    public void testCreate() throws Exception {
        final Todo todo = new Todo(1L, "a", false);
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        final byte[] bytes = objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(todo);

        when(repository.save(Mockito.any(Todo.class))).thenReturn(todo);

        mvc.perform(post("/todos")
                    .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                    .content(bytes))
                .andExpect(status().isOk())
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.id", is(1)))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.description", is("a")))
                .andExpect(jsonPath("$.complete", is(false)));

        verify(repository, times(1)).save(Mockito.any(Todo.class));
        verifyNoMoreInteractions(repository);
    }

    @Test
    public void testUpdateSameIds() throws Exception {
        final Todo updatedTodo = new Todo(1L, "z", true);
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        byte[] bytes = objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(updatedTodo);

        when(repository.save(Mockito.any(Todo.class))).thenReturn(updatedTodo);

        mvc.perform(put("/todos/{id}", 1L)
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                    .content(bytes))
                .andExpect(status().isNoContent());

        verify(repository, times(0)).delete(1L);
        verify(repository, times(1)).save(Mockito.any(Todo.class));
        verifyNoMoreInteractions(repository);
    }

    @Test
    public void testUpdateDifferentIds() throws Exception {
        final Todo updatedTodo = new Todo(99L, "z", true);
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        byte[] bytes = objectMapper.writeValueAsBytes(updatedTodo);

        when(repository.save(Mockito.any(Todo.class))).thenReturn(updatedTodo);

        mvc.perform(put("/todos/{id}", 1L)
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                    .content(bytes))
                .andExpect(status().isNoContent());

        verify(repository, times(1)).delete(1L);
        verify(repository, times(1)).save(Mockito.any(Todo.class));
        verifyNoMoreInteractions(repository);
    }

    @Test
    public void testDelete() throws Exception {
//        this is how to test a void method with Mockito
//        doThrow(new IllegalArgumentException()).when(repository).delete(null);

        mvc.perform(delete("/todos/{id}", 1L))
                .andExpect(status().isNoContent());
    }

}

paulwong 2014-10-25 09:42 发表评论

50道外企��Y件测试面试题

paulwong — Tue, 23 Sep 2014 02:37:00 GMT

What types of documents would you need for QA�Q?QC�Q?and Testing?
What did you include in a test plan?
Describe any bug you remember.
What is the purpose of the testing?
What do you like (not like) in this job?
What is quality assurance?
What is the difference between QA and testing?
How do you scope�Q?organize�Q?and execute a test project?
What is the role of QA in a development project?
What is the role of QA in a company that produces software?
Define quality for me as you understand it
Describe to me the difference between validation and verification.
Describe to me what you see as a process. Not a particular process�Q?just the basics of having a process.
Describe to me when you would consider employing a failure mode and effect analysis.
Describe to me the Software Development Life Cycle as you would define it.
What are the properties of a good requirement?
How do you differentiate the roles of Quality Assurance Manager and Project Manager?
Tell me about any quality efforts you have overseen or implemented. Describe some of the challenges you faced and how you overcame them.
How do you deal with environments that are hostile to quality change efforts?
In general�Q?how do you see automation fitting into the overall process of testing?
How do you promote the concept of phase containment and defect prevention?
If you come onboard�Q?give me a general idea of what your first overall tasks will be as far as starting a quality effort.
What kinds of testing have you done?
Have you ever created a test plan?
Have you ever written test cases or did you just execute those written by others?
What did your base your test cases?
How do you determine what to test?
How do you decide when you have ‘tested enough?’
How do you test if you have minimal or no documentation about the product?
Describe me to the basic elements you put in a defect report?
How do you perform regression testing?
At what stage of the life cycle does testing begin in your opinion?
How do you analyze your test results? What metrics do you try to provide?
Realising you won’t be able to test everything – how do you decide what to test first?
Where do you get your expected results?
If automating – what is your process for determining what to automate and in what order?
In the past�Q?I have been asked to verbally start mapping out a test plan for a common situation�Q?such as an ATM. The 36 interviewer might say�Q?“Just thinking out loud�Q?if you were tasked to test an ATM�Q?what items might you test plan 37 include?” These type questions are not meant to be answered conclusively�Q?but it is a good way for the interviewer to see 38 how you approach the task.
If you’re given a program that will average student grades�Q?what kinds of inputs would you use?
Tell me about the best bug you ever found.
What made you pick testing over another career?
What is the exact difference between Integration & System testing�Q?give me examples with your project.
How did you go about testing a project?
When should testing start in a project? Why?
How do you go about testing a web application?
Difference between Black & White box testing
What is Configuration management? Tools used?
What do you plan to become after say 2-5yrs (Ex: QA Manager�Q?Why?)
Would you like to work in a team or alone�Q?why?
Give me 5 strong & weak points of yours.

paulwong 2014-09-23 10:37 发表评论

整合��试

paulwong — Sun, 20 Apr 2014 02:33:00 GMT
http://arquillian.org/guides/getting_started_zh_cn/

paulwong 2014-04-20 10:33 发表评论

��试�q�程

paulwong — Thu, 31 May 2012 16:07:00 GMT

单元��试
有三个��?br />逻辑单元��试�Q�就是方法��别的��试�Q�方法中依赖的其他层对象用MOCK模拟�Q�通常只针�Ҏ��制层
整合单元��试�Q�联合几个层来测试，��是针对服务层，其依赖的持久不能模拟�Q�数据库要打开�Q�但可以用内存数据库
界面单元��试�Q��ؓ了保证界面不出错�Q�还包括��面数据验证不通过时的��试
持箋构徏和代码质量测�?br />��试是否构徏成功�Q�代码质量和覆盖率是否达到标�?/li>
�pȝ��整合��试
功能��试
通过UI验证是否�W�合�pȝ��用例和业务规则，主要看输入和输出
�pȝ��质量��试
主要指性能��试是否�W�合非功能需求，�q�发用户和负载是否符合，及安全性和高可用�?/li>
用户接受��试
模拟真实环境�Q�根据用��h��册和操作��程操作�Q�测试是否符合业务需�?/li>

paulwong 2012-06-01 00:07 发表评论

JMeter使用介绍

paulwong — Sun, 20 May 2012 03:05:00 GMT
http://www.hitb.com.cn/web/guest/bbs/-/message_boards/message/13785#_19_message_13785

在录制过�E�中�Q�如果想��L��讨厌的JS或CSS�Q�可以在HTTP代理服务器的不包含样式中��d��Q?br />
.*\.css
.*\.js
.*\.gif
.*\.jpg

在MAVEN中运行JMETER�Q?br />https://bitbucket.org/hascode/jmeter-multiuser-profiling/src

paulwong 2012-05-20 11:05 发表评论

Watij and Maven

paulwong — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 14:08:00 GMT
By the way, I did this "by hand" and got it working.

First, download the waitj bundle and unzip it.

Then, use maven to manually install each dependency in the lib folder
like so:
mvn install:install-file -Dfile=webspec.jar -DartifactId=webspec -
DgroupId=watij -Dversion=1.3.1 -Dpackaging=jar

You can also do deploy:deploy-file if you want to put them into a
central maven repo.

Of course, you don't need to do this for log4j, junit, slf4j. I did
it for all the others for speed, registering them under "watij" and
version 1.3.1

Got this working in Eclipse, a simple login test case, yipee!

Here is the POM snippet for my project:

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junitgroupId>
      <artifactId>junitartifactId>
      <version>4.8.2version>
      <scope>testscope>
    dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>webspecartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>engine-geckoartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>engine-ieartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>engine-webkitartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>jniwrap-nativeartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>jxbrowserartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>MozillaGlueartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>MozillaInterfacesartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>mshtmlartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>runtimeartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>tuxpackartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>winpackartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>xulrunner-linuxartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>xulrunner-linux64artifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>xulrunner-macartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>watijgroupId>
      <artifactId>xulrunner-windowsartifactId>
      <version>1.3.1version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>log4jgroupId>
      <artifactId>log4jartifactId>
      <version>1.2.15version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
      <version>1.5.8version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12artifactId>
      <version>1.5.8version>
    dependency>

paulwong 2012-01-03 22:08 发表评论

Watij入门

paulwong — Tue, 03 Jan 2012 14:01:00 GMT
     摘要: Watij介绍 Javadoc API for Watij�Q?http://watij.sourceforge.net/docs/api/index.html?watij/IE.html �W�三�?Watij环境讄�� 3.1 Watij环境要求 l Watij 3.2.1 l JDK 1.5 l Java IDE�Q�本文中使用Eclipse�Q?3.2 Watij安装及设�|?l 下蝲�?..  阅读全文

paulwong 2012-01-03 22:01 发表评论

亚洲AV无码成人网站久久精品大,亚洲一本之道高清乱码,老汉色老汉首页a亚洲

我眼中的开发和���试

单元���试、集成测试和�pȝ�����试的不同之处[转]

50道外企��Y件测试面试题

整合���试

���试�q�程

JMeter使用介绍

Watij and Maven

Watij入门

我眼中的开发和��试

单元��试、集成测试和�pȝ��试的不同之处[转]

整合��试

��试�q�程