final鎴愬憳
銆銆褰撲綘鍦ㄧ被涓畾涔夊彉閲忔椂錛屽湪鍏跺墠闈㈠姞涓奻inal鍏抽敭瀛楋紝閭ｄ究鏄錛岃繖涓彉閲忎竴鏃﹁鍒濆鍖栦究涓嶅彲鏀瑰彉錛岃繖閲屼笉鍙敼鍙樼殑鎰忔濆鍩烘湰綾誨瀷鏉ヨ鏄叾鍊間笉鍙彉錛岃屽浜庡璞″彉閲忔潵璇村叾寮曠敤涓嶅彲鍐嶅彉銆傚叾鍒濆鍖栧彲浠ュ湪涓や釜鍦版柟錛屼竴鏄叾瀹氫箟澶勶紝涔熷氨鏄鍦╢inal鍙橀噺瀹氫箟鏃剁洿鎺ョ粰鍏惰祴鍊鹼紝浜屾槸鍦ㄦ瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒腑銆傝繖涓や釜鍦版柟鍙兘閫夊叾涓錛岃涔堝湪瀹氫箟鏃剁粰鍊鹼紝瑕佷箞鍦ㄦ瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒腑緇欏鹼紝涓嶈兘鍚屾椂鏃㈠湪瀹氫箟鏃剁粰浜嗗鹼紝鍙堝湪鏋勯犲嚱鏁頒腑緇欏彟澶栫殑鍊箋備笅闈㈣繖孌典唬鐮佹紨紺轟簡榪欎竴鐐癸細(xì)
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class Bat{
final PI=3.14; //鍦ㄥ畾涔夋椂渚跨粰鍧鍊?
final int i; //鍥犱負(fù)瑕佸湪鏋勯犲嚱鏁頒腑榪涜鍒濆鍖栵紝鎵浠ユ澶勪究涓嶅彲鍐嶇粰鍊?
final List list; //姝ゅ彉閲忎篃涓庝笂闈㈢殑涓鏍?
Bat(){
i=100;
list=new LinkedList();
}
Bat(int ii,List l){
i=ii;
list=l;
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Bat b=new Bat();
b.list.add(new Bat());
//b.i=25;
//b.list=new ArrayList();
System.out.println("I="+b.i+" List Type:"+b.list.getClass());
b=new Bat(23,new ArrayList());
b.list.add(new Bat());
System.out.println("I="+b.i+" List Type:"+b.list.getClass());
}
}
銆銆姝ょ▼搴忓緢綆鍗曠殑婕旂ず浜唂inal鐨勫父瑙勭敤娉曘傚湪榪欓噷浣跨敤鍦ㄦ瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒腑榪涜鍒濆鍖栫殑鏂規(guī)硶錛岃繖浣夸綘鏈変簡涓鐐圭伒媧繪с傚Bat鐨勪袱涓噸杞芥瀯閫犲嚱鏁版墍紺猴紝絎竴涓己鐪佹瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒細(xì)涓轟綘鎻愪緵榛樿鐨勫鹼紝閲嶈澆鐨勯偅涓瀯閫犲嚱鏁頒細(xì)鏍規(guī)嵁浣犳墍鎻愪緵鐨勫兼垨綾誨瀷涓篺inal鍙橀噺鍒濆鍖栥傜劧鑰屾湁鏃朵綘騫朵笉闇瑕佽繖縐嶇伒媧繪э紝浣犲彧闇瑕佸湪瀹氫箟鏃朵究緇欏畾鍏跺煎茍姘鎬笉鍙樺寲錛岃繖鏃跺氨涓嶈鍐嶇敤榪欑鏂規(guī)硶銆傚湪main鏂規(guī)硶涓湁涓よ璇彞娉ㄩ噴鎺変簡錛屽鏋滀綘鍘繪帀娉ㄩ噴錛岀▼搴忎究鏃犳硶閫氳繃緙栬瘧錛岃繖渚挎槸璇達(dá)紝涓嶈鏄痠鐨勫兼垨鏄痩ist鐨勭被鍨嬶紝涓鏃﹀垵濮嬪寲錛岀‘瀹炴棤娉曞啀鏇存敼銆傜劧鑰宐鍙互閫氳繃閲嶆柊鍒濆鍖栨潵鎸囧畾i鐨勫兼垨list鐨勭被鍨嬶紝杈撳嚭緇撴灉涓樉紺轟簡榪欎竴鐐癸細(xì)
I=100 List Type:class java.util.LinkedList
I=23 List Type:class java.util.ArrayList
銆銆榪樻湁涓縐嶇敤娉曟槸瀹氫箟鏂規(guī)硶涓殑鍙傛暟涓篺inal錛屽浜庡熀鏈被鍨嬬殑鍙橀噺錛岃繖鏍峰仛騫舵病鏈変粈涔堝疄闄呮剰涔夛紝鍥犱負(fù)鍩烘湰綾誨瀷鐨勫彉閲忓湪璋冪敤鏂規(guī)硶鏃舵槸浼犲肩殑錛屼篃灝辨槸璇翠綘鍙互鍦ㄦ柟娉曚腑鏇存敼榪欎釜鍙傛暟鍙橀噺鑰屼笉浼?xì)濯?jiǎng)鍝嶅埌璋冪敤璇彞錛岀劧鑰屽浜庡璞″彉閲忥紝鍗存樉寰楀緢瀹炵敤錛屽洜涓哄璞″彉閲忓湪浼犻掓椂鏄紶閫掑叾寮曠敤錛岃繖鏍蜂綘鍦ㄦ柟娉曚腑瀵瑰璞″彉閲忕殑淇敼涔熶細(xì)褰卞搷鍒拌皟鐢ㄨ鍙ヤ腑鐨勫璞″彉閲忥紝褰撲綘鍦ㄦ柟娉曚腑涓嶉渶瑕佹敼鍙樹綔涓哄弬鏁扮殑瀵硅薄鍙橀噺鏃訛紝鏄庣‘浣跨敤final榪涜澹版槑錛屼細(xì)闃叉浣犳棤鎰忕殑淇敼鑰屽獎(jiǎng)鍝嶅埌璋冪敤鏂規(guī)硶銆?
鍙﹀鏂規(guī)硶涓殑鍐呴儴綾誨湪鐢ㄥ埌鏂規(guī)硶涓殑鍙傚彉閲忔椂錛屾鍙傚彉涔熷繀欏誨０鏄庝負(fù)final鎵嶅彲浣跨敤錛屽涓嬩唬鐮佹墍紺猴細(xì)
public class INClass{
void innerClass(final String str){
class IClass{
IClass(){
System.out.println(str);
}
}
IClass ic=new IClass();
}
public static void main(String[] args){
INClass inc=new INClass();
inc.innerClass("Hello");
}
}
final鏂規(guī)硶
銆銆灝嗘柟娉曞０鏄庝負(fù)final錛岄偅灝辮鏄庝綘宸茬粡鐭ラ亾榪欎釜鏂規(guī)硶鎻愪緵鐨勫姛鑳藉凡緇忔弧瓚充綘瑕佹眰錛屼笉闇瑕佽繘琛屾墿灞曪紝騫朵笖涔熶笉鍏佽浠諱綍浠庢綾葷戶鎵跨殑綾繪潵瑕嗗啓榪欎釜鏂規(guī)硶錛屼絾鏄戶鎵夸粛鐒跺彲浠ョ戶鎵胯繖涓柟娉曪紝涔熷氨鏄鍙互鐩存帴浣跨敤銆傚彟澶栨湁涓縐嶈縐頒負(fù)inline鐨勬満鍒訛紝瀹冧細(xì)浣夸綘鍦ㄨ皟鐢╢inal鏂規(guī)硶鏃訛紝鐩存帴灝嗘柟娉曚富浣撴彃鍏ュ埌璋冪敤澶勶紝鑰屼笉鏄繘琛屼緥琛岀殑鏂規(guī)硶璋冪敤錛屼緥濡備繚瀛樻柇鐐癸紝鍘嬫爤絳夛紝榪欐牱鍙兘浼?xì)鋴射綘鐨劷E嬪簭鏁堢巼鏈夋墍鎻愰珮錛岀劧鑰屽綋浣犵殑鏂規(guī)硶涓諱綋闈炲父搴炲ぇ鏃訛紝鎴栦綘鍦ㄥ澶勮皟鐢ㄦ鏂規(guī)硶錛岄偅涔堜綘鐨勮皟鐢ㄤ富浣撲唬鐮佷究浼?xì)杩呴熻啫鑳錛屽彲鑳藉弽鑰屼細(xì)褰卞搷鏁堢巼錛屾墍浠ヤ綘瑕佹厧鐢╢inal榪涜鏂規(guī)硶瀹氫箟銆?
final綾?
銆銆褰撲綘灝唂inal鐢ㄤ簬綾昏韓涓婃椂錛屼綘灝遍渶瑕佷粩緇嗚冭檻錛屽洜涓轟竴涓猣inal綾繪槸鏃犳硶琚換浣曚漢緇ф壙鐨勶紝閭ｄ篃灝辨剰鍛崇潃姝ょ被鍦ㄤ竴涓戶鎵挎爲(wèi)涓槸涓涓彾瀛愮被錛屽茍涓旀綾葷殑璁捐宸茶璁や負(fù)寰堝畬緹庤屼笉闇瑕佽繘琛屼慨鏀規(guī)垨鎵╁睍銆傚浜巉inal綾諱腑鐨勬垚鍛橈紝浣犲彲浠ュ畾涔夊叾涓篺inal錛屼篃鍙互涓嶆槸final銆傝屽浜庢柟娉曪紝鐢變簬鎵灞炵被涓篺inal鐨勫叧緋伙紝鑷劧涔熷氨鎴愪簡final鍨嬬殑銆備綘涔熷彲浠ユ槑紜殑緇檉inal綾諱腑鐨勬柟娉曞姞涓婁竴涓猣inal錛屼絾榪欐樉鐒舵病鏈夋剰涔夈?
銆銆涓嬮潰鐨勭▼搴忔紨紺轟簡final鏂規(guī)硶鍜宖inal綾葷殑鐢ㄦ硶錛?
final class final{
final String str="final Data";
public String str1="non final data";
final public void print(){
System.out.println("final method.");
}
public void what(){
System.out.println(str+"\n"+str1);
}
}
public class FinalDemo { //extends final 鏃犳硶緇ф壙
public static void main(String[] args){
final f=new final();
f.what();
f.print();
}
}
銆銆浠庣▼搴忎腑鍙互鐪嬪嚭錛宖inal綾諱笌鏅氱被鐨勪嬌鐢ㄥ嚑涔庢病鏈夊樊鍒紝鍙槸瀹冨け鍘諱簡琚戶鎵跨殑鐗規(guī)с俧inal鏂規(guī)硶涓庨潪final鏂規(guī)硶鐨勫尯鍒篃寰堥毦浠庣▼搴忚鐪嬪嚭錛屽彧鏄浣忔厧鐢ㄣ?
final鍦ㄨ璁℃ā寮忎腑鐨勫簲鐢?
銆銆鍦ㄨ璁℃ā寮忎腑鏈変竴縐嶆ā寮忓彨鍋氫笉鍙樻ā寮忥紝鍦↗ava涓氳繃final鍏抽敭瀛楀彲浠ュ緢瀹規(guī)槗鐨勫疄鐜拌繖涓ā寮忥紝鍦ㄨ瑙inal鎴愬憳鏃剁敤鍒扮殑紼嬪簭Bat.java灝辨槸涓涓笉鍙樻ā寮忕殑渚嬪瓙銆傚鏋滀綘瀵規(guī)鎰熷叴瓚ｏ紝鍙互鍙傝冮槑瀹忓崥澹紪鍐欑殑銆奐ava涓庢ā寮忋嬩竴涔︿腑鐨勮瑙ｃ?
銆銆鍒版涓烘錛宼his,static,super鍜宖inal鐨勪嬌鐢ㄥ凡緇忚瀹屼簡錛屽鏋滀綘瀵硅繖鍥涗釜鍏抽敭瀛楀凡緇忚兘澶熷ぇ鑷磋鍑哄畠浠殑鍖哄埆涓庣敤娉曪紝閭ｄ究璇存槑浣犲熀鏈凡緇忔帉鎻°傜劧鑰岋紝涓栫晫涓婄殑浠諱綍涓滆タ閮戒笉鏄畬緹庢棤緙虹殑錛孞ava鎻愪緵榪欏洓涓叧閿瓧錛岀粰紼嬪簭鍛樼殑緙栫▼甯︽潵浜嗗緢澶х殑渚垮埄錛屼絾騫朵笉鏄瑕佽浣犲埌澶勪嬌鐢紝涓鏃﹁揪鍒版互鐢ㄧ殑紼嬪簭錛屼究閫傚緱鍏跺弽錛屾墍浠ュ湪浣跨敤鏃惰涓瀹氳璁ょ湡鑰冭檻
]]>
鏈変袱縐嶆儏鍐墊槸non-static鏃犳硶鍋氬埌鐨勶紝榪欐椂浣犲氨瑕佷嬌鐢╯tatice銆?br>絎竴縐嶏細(xì)浣犲笇鏈涗笉璁轟駭鐢熶簡澶氬皯涓璞★紝鎴栦笉瀛樺湪浠諱綍瀵硅薄鐨勬儏褰笅錛岄偅浜涚壒瀹氭暟鎹殑瀛樺偍絀洪棿閮藉彧鏈変竴浠斤紱
絎簩縐嶏細(xì)浣犲笇鏈涙煇涓嚱鏁頒笉瑕佸拰class object緇戝湪涓璧楓傚嵆浣挎病鏈変駭鐢熶換浣昽bject錛屽鐣岃繕鏄彲浠ヨ皟鐢ㄥ叾static鍑芥暟錛屾垨鏄彇鐢ㄥ叾static data銆?br>濡備綍鐞嗚В鍛紝鐪嬪畬涓嬮潰鐨勫皬渚嬪瓙錛屽氨浼?xì)鐞嗚В浜嗐?/p>
public class StaticTest {
static int i = 47;
}
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(StaticTest.i); StaticTest.i = 30; System.out.println(StaticTest.i); StaticTest t1 = new StaticTest(); StaticTest t2 = new StaticTest(); t1.i = 50; System.out.println(t1.i); System.out.println(t2.i);
}}杈撳嚭緇撴灉涓猴細(xì)
47
30
50
50
涓轟粈涔堜細(xì)鏈夎繖鏍風(fēng)殑緇撴灉鍛紵榪欐槸鍥犱負(fù)瀹冧滑閮芥寚鍚戝悓涓鍧楀唴瀛樸?br>鍙﹀錛岃皟鐢╯tatic鍑芥暟鎴栧彉閲忥紝闄や簡鍒╃敤瀵硅薄瀹氬潃澶栵紙t1.i = 50錛夛紝涔熷彲浠ョ洿鎺ヤ嬌鐢ㄥ叾class鍚嶏紝鍗籌紙StaticTest.i = 50)銆?/p>
鍙傝冩潵鑷細(xì)http://www.tianya.cn/techforum/Content/414/4347.shtml
abstract class鍜宨nterface鏄疛ava璇█涓浜庢娊璞＄被瀹氫箟榪涜鏀寔鐨勪袱縐嶆満鍒訛紝姝ｆ槸鐢變簬榪欎袱縐嶆満鍒剁殑瀛樺湪錛屾墠璧嬩簣浜咼ava寮哄ぇ鐨勯潰鍚戝璞¤兘鍔涖俛bstract class鍜宨nterface涔嬮棿鍦ㄥ浜庢娊璞＄被瀹氫箟鐨勬敮鎸佹柟闈㈠叿鏈夊緢澶х殑鐩鎬技鎬э紝鐢氳嚦鍙互鐩鎬簰鏇挎崲錛屽洜姝ゅ緢澶氬紑鍙戣呭湪榪涜鎶借薄綾誨畾涔夋椂瀵逛簬abstract class鍜宨nterface鐨勯夋嫨鏄懼緱姣旇緝闅忔剰銆傚叾瀹烇紝涓よ呬箣闂磋繕鏄湁寰堝ぇ鐨勫尯鍒殑錛屽浜庡畠浠殑閫夋嫨鐢氳嚦鍙嶆槧鍑哄浜庨棶棰橀鍩熸湰璐ㄧ殑鐞嗚В銆佸浜庤璁℃剰鍥劇殑鐞嗚В鏄惁姝ｇ‘銆佸悎鐞嗐傛湰鏂囧皢瀵瑰畠浠箣闂寸殑鍖哄埆榪涜涓鐣墫鏋愶紝璇曞浘緇欏紑鍙戣呮彁渚涗竴涓湪浜岃呬箣闂磋繘琛岄夋嫨鐨勪緷鎹?nbsp;
鐞嗚В鎶借薄綾?nbsp;
abstract class鍜宨nterface鍦↗ava璇█涓兘鏄敤鏉ヨ繘琛屾娊璞＄被錛堟湰鏂囦腑鐨勬娊璞＄被騫墮潪浠巃bstract class緲昏瘧鑰屾潵錛屽畠琛ㄧず鐨勬槸涓涓娊璞′綋錛岃宎bstract class涓篔ava璇█涓敤浜庡畾涔夋娊璞＄被鐨勪竴縐嶆柟娉曪紝璇瘋鑰呮敞鎰忓尯鍒嗭級瀹氫箟鐨勶紝閭ｄ箞浠涔堟槸鎶借薄綾伙紝浣跨敤鎶借薄綾昏兘涓烘垜浠甫鏉ヤ粈涔堝ソ澶勫憿錛?nbsp;
鍦ㄩ潰鍚戝璞＄殑姒傚康涓紝鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾鎵鏈夌殑瀵硅薄閮芥槸閫氳繃綾繪潵鎻忕粯鐨勶紝浣嗘槸鍙嶈繃鏉ュ嵈涓嶆槸榪欐牱銆傚茍涓嶆槸鎵鏈夌殑綾婚兘鏄敤鏉ユ弿緇樺璞＄殑錛屽鏋滀竴涓被涓病鏈夊寘鍚凍澶熺殑淇℃伅鏉ユ弿緇樹竴涓叿浣撶殑瀵硅薄錛岃繖鏍風(fēng)殑綾誨氨鏄娊璞＄被銆傛娊璞＄被寰寰鐢ㄦ潵琛ㄥ緛鎴戜滑鍦ㄥ闂棰嗗煙榪涜鍒嗘瀽銆佽璁′腑寰楀嚭鐨勬娊璞℃蹇碉紝鏄涓緋誨垪鐪嬩笂鍘諱笉鍚岋紝浣嗘槸鏈川涓婄浉鍚岀殑鍏蜂綋姒傚康鐨勬娊璞°傛瘮濡傦細(xì)濡傛灉鎴戜滑榪涜涓涓浘褰㈢紪杈戣蔣浠剁殑寮鍙戯紝灝變細(xì)鍙戠幇闂棰嗗煙瀛樺湪鐫鍦嗐佷笁瑙掑艦榪欐牱涓浜涘叿浣撴蹇碉紝瀹冧滑鏄笉鍚岀殑錛屼絾鏄畠浠張閮藉睘浜庡艦鐘惰繖鏍蜂竴涓蹇碉紝褰㈢姸榪欎釜姒傚康鍦ㄩ棶棰橀鍩熸槸涓嶅瓨鍦ㄧ殑錛屽畠?yōu)鏄竴涓娊璞℃蹇點(diǎn)傛鏄洜涓烘娊璞＄殑姒傚康鍦ㄩ棶棰橀鍩熸病鏈夊搴旂殑鍏蜂綋姒傚康錛屾墍浠ョ敤浠ヨ〃寰佹娊璞℃蹇電殑鎶借薄綾繪槸涓嶈兘澶熷疄渚嬪寲鐨勩?nbsp;
鍦ㄩ潰鍚戝璞￠鍩燂紝鎶借薄綾諱富瑕佺敤鏉ヨ繘琛岀被鍨嬮殣钘忋傛垜浠彲浠ユ瀯閫犲嚭涓涓浐瀹氱殑涓緇勮涓虹殑鎶借薄鎻忚堪錛屼絾鏄繖緇勮涓哄嵈鑳藉鏈変換鎰忎釜鍙兘鐨勫叿浣撳疄鐜版柟寮忋傝繖涓娊璞℃弿榪板氨鏄娊璞＄被錛岃岃繖涓緇勪換鎰忎釜鍙兘鐨勫叿浣撳疄鐜板垯琛ㄧ幇涓烘墍鏈夊彲鑳界殑媧劇敓綾匯傛ā鍧楀彲浠ユ搷浣滀竴涓娊璞′綋銆傜敱浜庢ā鍧椾緷璧栦簬涓涓浐瀹氱殑鎶借薄浣擄紝鍥犳瀹冨彲浠ユ槸涓嶅厑璁鎬慨鏀圭殑錛涘悓鏃訛紝閫氳繃浠庤繖涓娊璞′綋媧劇敓錛屼篃鍙墿灞曟妯″潡鐨勮涓哄姛鑳姐傜啛鎮(zhèn)塐CP鐨勮鑰呬竴瀹氱煡閬擄紝涓轟簡鑳藉瀹炵幇闈㈠悜瀵硅薄璁捐鐨勪竴涓渶鏍稿績鐨勫師鍒橭CP(Open-Closed Principle)錛屾娊璞＄被鏄叾涓殑鍏抽敭鎵鍦ㄣ?nbsp;
浠庤娉曞畾涔夊眰闈㈢湅abstract class鍜宨nterface
鍦ㄨ娉曞眰闈紝Java璇█瀵逛簬abstract class鍜宨nterface緇欏嚭浜嗕笉鍚岀殑瀹氫箟鏂瑰紡錛屼笅闈互瀹氫箟涓涓悕涓篋emo鐨勬娊璞＄被涓轟緥鏉ヨ鏄庤繖縐嶄笉鍚屻?nbsp;
浣跨敤abstract class鐨勬柟寮忓畾涔塂emo鎶借薄綾葷殑鏂瑰紡濡備笅錛?nbsp;
abstract class Demo 锝?nbsp;
abstract void method1();
abstract void method2();
鈥?nbsp;
锝?nbsp;
浣跨敤interface鐨勬柟寮忓畾涔塂emo鎶借薄綾葷殑鏂瑰紡濡備笅錛?nbsp;
interface Demo {
void method1();
void method2();
鈥?nbsp;
}
鍦╝bstract class鏂瑰紡涓紝Demo鍙互鏈夎嚜宸辯殑鏁版嵁鎴愬憳錛屼篃鍙互鏈夐潪abstarct鐨勬垚鍛樻柟娉曪紝鑰屽湪interface鏂瑰紡鐨勫疄鐜頒腑錛孌emo鍙兘澶熸湁闈欐佺殑涓嶈兘琚慨鏀圭殑鏁版嵁鎴愬憳錛堜篃灝辨槸蹇呴』鏄痵tatic final鐨勶紝涓嶈繃鍦╥nterface涓竴鑸笉瀹氫箟鏁版嵁鎴愬憳錛夛紝鎵鏈夌殑鎴愬憳鏂規(guī)硶閮芥槸abstract鐨勩備粠鏌愮鎰忎箟涓婅錛宨nterface鏄竴縐嶇壒孌婂艦寮忕殑abstract class銆?nbsp;
浠庣紪紼嬬殑瑙掑害鏉ョ湅錛宎bstract class鍜宨nterface閮藉彲浠ョ敤鏉ュ疄鐜?design by contract"鐨勬濇兂銆備絾鏄湪鍏蜂綋鐨勪嬌鐢ㄤ笂闈㈣繕鏄湁涓浜涘尯鍒殑銆?nbsp;
棣栧厛錛宎bstract class鍦↗ava璇█涓〃紺虹殑鏄竴縐嶇戶鎵垮叧緋伙紝涓涓被鍙兘浣跨敤涓嬈＄戶鎵垮叧緋匯備絾鏄紝涓涓被鍗村彲浠ュ疄鐜板涓猧nterface銆備篃璁革紝榪欐槸Java璇█鐨勮璁¤呭湪鑰冭檻Java瀵逛簬澶氶噸緇ф壙鐨勬敮鎸佹柟闈㈢殑涓縐嶆姌涓冭檻鍚с?nbsp;
鍏舵錛屽湪abstract class鐨勫畾涔変腑錛屾垜浠彲浠ヨ祴浜堟柟娉曠殑榛樿琛屼負(fù)銆備絾鏄湪interface鐨勫畾涔変腑錛屾柟娉曞嵈涓嶈兘鎷ユ湁榛樿琛屼負(fù)錛屼負(fù)浜嗙粫榪囪繖涓檺鍒訛紝蹇呴』浣跨敤濮旀墭錛屼絾鏄繖浼?nbsp;澧炲姞涓浜涘鏉傛э紝鏈夋椂浼?xì)閫犳垚寰堝ぇ鐨勯夯鐑︺?nbsp;
鍦ㄦ娊璞＄被涓笉鑳藉畾涔夐粯璁よ涓鴻繕瀛樺湪鍙︿竴涓瘮杈冧弗閲嶇殑闂錛岄偅灝辨槸鍙兘浼?xì)閫犳垚緇存姢涓婄殑楹葷儲銆傚洜涓哄鏋滃悗鏉ユ兂淇敼綾葷殑鐣岄潰錛堜竴鑸氳繃abstract class鎴栬卛nterface鏉ヨ〃紺猴級浠ラ傚簲鏂扮殑鎯呭喌錛堟瘮濡傦紝娣誨姞鏂扮殑鏂規(guī)硶鎴栬呯粰宸茬敤鐨勬柟娉曚腑娣誨姞鏂扮殑鍙傛暟錛夋椂錛屽氨浼?xì)闈炲父鐨勯喝潈﹀Q屽彲鑳借鑺辮垂寰堝鐨勬椂闂達(dá)紙瀵逛簬媧劇敓綾誨緢澶氱殑鎯呭喌錛屽挨涓哄姝わ級銆備絾鏄鏋滅晫闈㈡槸閫氳繃abstract class鏉ュ疄鐜扮殑錛岄偅涔堝彲鑳藉氨鍙渶瑕佷慨鏀瑰畾涔夊湪abstract class涓殑榛樿琛屼負(fù)灝卞彲浠ヤ簡銆?nbsp;
鍚屾牱錛屽鏋滀笉鑳藉湪鎶借薄綾諱腑瀹氫箟榛樿琛屼負(fù)錛屽氨浼?xì)瀵艰嚧鍚屾狅L(fēng)殑鏂規(guī)硶瀹炵幇鍑虹幇鍦ㄨ鎶借薄綾葷殑姣忎竴涓淳鐢熺被涓紝榪濆弽浜?one rule錛宱ne place"鍘熷垯錛岄犳垚浠ｇ爜閲嶅錛屽悓鏍蜂笉鍒╀簬浠ュ悗鐨勭淮鎶ゃ傚洜姝わ紝鍦╝bstract class鍜宨nterface闂磋繘琛岄夋嫨鏃惰闈炲父鐨勫皬蹇冦?nbsp;
浠庤璁＄悊蹇靛眰闈㈢湅abstract class鍜宨nterface
涓婇潰涓昏浠庤娉曞畾涔夊拰緙栫▼鐨勮搴﹁榪頒簡abstract class鍜宨nterface鐨勫尯鍒紝榪欎簺灞傞潰鐨勫尯鍒槸姣旇緝浣庡眰嬈＄殑銆侀潪鏈川鐨勩傛湰灝忚妭灝嗕粠鍙︿竴涓眰闈細(xì)abstract class鍜宨nterface鎵鍙嶆槧鍑虹殑璁捐鐞嗗康錛屾潵鍒嗘瀽涓涓嬩簩鑰呯殑鍖哄埆銆備綔鑰呰涓猴紝浠庤繖涓眰闈㈣繘琛屽垎鏋愭墠鑳界悊瑙ｄ簩鑰呮蹇電殑鏈川鎵鍦ㄣ?nbsp;
鍓嶉潰宸茬粡鎻愬埌榪囷紝abstarct class鍦↗ava璇█涓綋鐜頒簡涓縐嶇戶鎵垮叧緋伙紝瑕佹兂浣垮緱緇ф壙鍏崇郴鍚堢悊錛岀埗綾誨拰媧劇敓綾諱箣闂村繀欏誨瓨鍦?is a"鍏崇郴錛屽嵆鐖剁被鍜屾淳鐢熺被鍦ㄦ蹇墊湰璐ㄤ笂搴旇鏄浉鍚岀殑錛堝弬鑰冩枃鐚?銆曚腑鏈夊叧浜?is a"鍏崇郴鐨勫ぇ綃囧箙娣卞叆鐨勮榪幫紝鏈夊叴瓚ｇ殑璇昏呭彲浠ュ弬鑰冿級銆傚浜巌nterface 鏉ヨ鍒欎笉鐒?dòng)灱岒q朵笉瑕佹眰interface鐨勫疄鐜拌呭拰interface瀹氫箟鍦ㄦ蹇墊湰璐ㄤ笂鏄竴鑷寸殑錛屼粎浠呮槸瀹炵幇浜唅nterface瀹氫箟鐨勫綰﹁屽凡銆備負(fù)浜嗕嬌璁鴻堪渚夸簬鐞嗚В錛屼笅闈㈠皢閫氳繃涓涓畝鍗曠殑瀹炰緥榪涜璇存槑銆?nbsp;
鑰冭檻榪欐牱涓涓緥瀛愶紝鍋囪鍦ㄦ垜浠殑闂棰嗗煙涓湁涓涓叧浜嶥oor鐨勬娊璞℃蹇碉紝璇oor鍏鋒湁鎵ц涓や釜鍔ㄤ綔open鍜宑lose錛屾鏃舵垜浠彲浠ラ氳繃abstract class鎴栬卛nterface鏉ュ畾涔変竴涓〃紺鴻鎶借薄姒傚康鐨勭被鍨嬶紝瀹氫箟鏂瑰紡鍒嗗埆濡備笅鎵紺猴細(xì)
浣跨敤abstract class鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟Door錛?nbsp;
abstract class Door {
abstract void open();
abstract void close()錛?nbsp;
}
浣跨敤interface鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟Door錛?nbsp;
interface Door {
void open();
void close();
}
鍏朵粬鍏蜂綋鐨凞oor綾誨瀷鍙互extends浣跨敤abstract class鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟鐨凞oor鎴栬卛mplements浣跨敤interface鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟鐨凞oor銆傜湅璧鋒潵濂藉儚浣跨敤abstract class鍜宨nterface娌℃湁澶х殑鍖哄埆銆?nbsp;
濡傛灉鐜板湪瑕佹眰Door榪樿鍏鋒湁鎶ヨ鐨勫姛鑳姐傛垜浠濡備綍璁捐閽堝璇ヤ緥瀛愮殑綾葷粨鏋勫憿錛堝湪鏈緥涓紝涓昏鏄負(fù)浜嗗睍紺篴bstract class鍜宨nterface鍙嶆槧鍦ㄨ璁＄悊蹇典笂鐨勫尯鍒紝鍏朵粬鏂歸潰鏃犲叧鐨勯棶棰橀兘鍋氫簡綆鍖栨垨鑰呭拷鐣ワ級錛熶笅闈㈠皢緗楀垪鍑哄彲鑳界殑瑙ｅ喅鏂規(guī)錛屽茍浠庤璁＄悊蹇靛眰闈㈠榪欎簺涓嶅悓鐨勬柟妗堣繘琛屽垎鏋愩?nbsp;
瑙ｅ喅鏂規(guī)涓錛?nbsp;
綆鍗曠殑鍦―oor鐨勫畾涔変腑澧炲姞涓涓猘larm鏂規(guī)硶錛屽涓嬶細(xì)
abstract class Door {
abstract void open();
abstract void close()錛?nbsp;
abstract void alarm();
}
鎴栬?nbsp;
interface Door {
void open();
void close();
void alarm();
}
閭ｄ箞鍏鋒湁鎶ヨ鍔熻兘鐨凙larmDoor鐨勫畾涔夋柟寮忓涓嬶細(xì)
class AlarmDoor extends Door {
void open() { 鈥?nbsp;}
void close() { 鈥?nbsp;}
void alarm() { 鈥?nbsp;}
}
鎴栬?nbsp;
class AlarmDoor implements Door 锝?nbsp;
void open() { 鈥?nbsp;}
void close() { 鈥?nbsp;}
void alarm() { 鈥?nbsp;}
锝?nbsp;
榪欑鏂規(guī)硶榪濆弽浜嗛潰鍚戝璞¤璁′腑鐨勪竴涓牳蹇冨師鍒橧SP錛圛nterface Segregation Priciple錛夛紝鍦―oor鐨勫畾涔変腑鎶奃oor姒傚康鏈韓鍥烘湁鐨勮涓烘柟娉曞拰鍙﹀涓涓蹇?鎶ヨ鍣?鐨勮涓烘柟娉曟販鍦ㄤ簡涓璧楓傝繖鏍峰紩璧風(fēng)殑涓涓棶棰樻槸閭ｄ簺浠呬粎渚濊禆浜嶥oor榪欎釜姒傚康鐨勬ā鍧椾細(xì)鍥犱負(fù)"鎶ヨ鍣?榪欎釜姒傚康鐨勬敼鍙橈紙姣斿錛氫慨鏀筧larm鏂規(guī)硶鐨勫弬鏁幫級鑰屾敼鍙橈紝鍙嶄箣渚濈劧銆?nbsp;
瑙ｅ喅鏂規(guī)浜岋細(xì)
鏃㈢劧open銆乧lose鍜宎larm灞炰簬涓や釜涓嶅悓鐨勬蹇碉紝鏍規(guī)嵁ISP鍘熷垯搴旇鎶婂畠浠垎鍒畾涔夊湪浠ｈ〃榪欎袱涓蹇電殑鎶借薄綾諱腑銆傚畾涔夋柟寮忔湁錛氳繖涓や釜姒傚康閮戒嬌鐢╝bstract class鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟錛涗袱涓蹇甸兘浣跨敤interface鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟錛涗竴涓蹇典嬌鐢╝bstract class鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟錛屽彟涓涓蹇典嬌鐢╥nterface鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟銆?nbsp;
鏄劇劧錛岀敱浜嶫ava璇█涓嶆敮鎸佸閲嶇戶鎵匡紝鎵浠ヤ袱涓蹇甸兘浣跨敤abstract class鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟鏄笉鍙鐨勩傚悗闈袱縐嶆柟寮忛兘鏄彲琛岀殑錛屼絾鏄浜庡畠浠殑閫夋嫨鍗村弽鏄犲嚭瀵逛簬闂棰嗗煙涓殑姒傚康鏈川鐨勭悊瑙ｃ佸浜庤璁℃剰鍥劇殑鍙嶆槧鏄惁姝ｇ‘銆佸悎鐞嗐傛垜浠竴涓鏉ュ垎鏋愩佽鏄庛?nbsp;
濡傛灉涓や釜姒傚康閮戒嬌鐢╥nterface鏂瑰紡鏉ュ畾涔夛紝閭ｄ箞灝卞弽鏄犲嚭涓や釜闂錛?銆佹垜浠彲鑳芥病鏈夌悊瑙ｆ竻妤氶棶棰橀鍩燂紝AlarmDoor鍦ㄦ蹇墊湰璐ㄤ笂鍒板簳鏄疍oor榪樻槸鎶ヨ鍣紵2銆佸鏋滄垜浠浜庨棶棰橀鍩熺殑鐞嗚В娌℃湁闂錛屾瘮濡傦細(xì)鎴戜滑閫氳繃瀵逛簬闂棰嗗煙鐨勫垎鏋愬彂鐜癆larmDoor鍦ㄦ蹇墊湰璐ㄤ笂鍜孌oor鏄竴鑷寸殑錛岄偅涔堟垜浠湪瀹炵幇鏃跺氨娌℃湁鑳藉姝ｇ‘鐨勬彮紺烘垜浠殑璁捐鎰忓浘錛屽洜涓哄湪榪欎袱涓蹇電殑瀹氫箟涓婏紙鍧囦嬌鐢╥nterface鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟錛夊弽鏄犱笉鍑轟笂榪板惈涔夈?nbsp;
濡傛灉鎴戜滑瀵逛簬闂棰嗗煙鐨勭悊瑙ｆ槸錛欰larmDoor鍦ㄦ蹇墊湰璐ㄤ笂鏄疍oor錛屽悓鏃跺畠鏈夊叿鏈夋姤璀︾殑鍔熻兘銆傛垜浠濡備綍鏉ヨ璁°佸疄鐜版潵鏄庣‘鐨勫弽鏄犲嚭鎴戜滑鐨勬剰鎬濆憿錛熷墠闈㈠凡緇忚榪囷紝abstract class鍦↗ava璇█涓〃紺轟竴縐嶇戶鎵垮叧緋伙紝鑰岀戶鎵垮叧緋誨湪鏈川涓婃槸"is a"鍏崇郴銆傛墍浠ュ浜嶥oor榪欎釜姒傚康錛屾垜浠簲璇ヤ嬌鐢╝bstarct class鏂瑰紡鏉ュ畾涔夈傚彟澶栵紝AlarmDoor鍙堝叿鏈夋姤璀﹀姛鑳斤紝璇存槑瀹冨張鑳藉瀹屾垚鎶ヨ姒傚康涓畾涔夌殑琛屼負(fù)錛屾墍浠ユ姤璀︽蹇靛彲浠ラ氳繃interface鏂瑰紡瀹氫箟銆傚涓嬫墍紺猴細(xì)
abstract class Door {
abstract void open();
abstract void close()錛?nbsp;
}
interface Alarm {
void alarm();
}
class AlarmDoor extends Door implements Alarm {
void open() { 鈥?nbsp;}
void close() { 鈥?nbsp;}
void alarm() { 鈥?nbsp;}
}
榪欑瀹炵幇鏂瑰紡鍩烘湰涓婅兘澶熸槑紜殑鍙嶆槧鍑烘垜浠浜庨棶棰橀鍩熺殑鐞嗚В錛屾紜殑鎻ず鎴戜滑鐨勮璁℃剰鍥俱傚叾瀹瀉bstract class琛ㄧず鐨勬槸"is a"鍏崇郴錛宨nterface琛ㄧず鐨勬槸"like a"鍏崇郴錛屽ぇ瀹跺湪閫夋嫨鏃跺彲浠ヤ綔涓轟竴涓緷鎹紝褰撶劧榪欐槸寤虹珛鍦ㄥ闂棰嗗煙鐨勭悊瑙ｄ笂鐨勶紝姣斿錛氬鏋滄垜浠涓篈larmDoor鍦ㄦ蹇墊湰璐ㄤ笂鏄姤璀﹀櫒錛屽悓鏃跺張鍏鋒湁Door鐨勫姛鑳斤紝閭ｄ箞涓婅堪鐨勫畾涔夋柟寮忓氨瑕佸弽榪囨潵浜嗐?nbsp;
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閲岄潰鏈変竴灝忛敊璇紝鈥滃湪鎶借薄綾諱腑涓嶈兘瀹氫箟榛樿琛屼負(fù)榪樺瓨鍦ㄥ彟涓涓瘮杈冧弗閲嶇殑闂錛岄偅灝辨槸鍙兘浼?xì)閫犳垚緇存姢涓婄殑楹葷儲銆傗?
鎶借薄綾諱腑鏄彲浠ュ畾涔夐粯璁よ涓虹殑錛屼篃灝辨槸璇撮噷闈㈠彲浠ュ畾涔変笉鏄痑bstract 淇グ鐨勭被錛岃屾帴鍙ｆ槸涓嶅彲浠ョ殑錛屾墍浠ヤ笂闈㈤偅涓娊璞＄被搴旇鏀規(guī)垚鎺ュ彛鐨勶紒 鍥炲
鎶借薄綾諱腑鏄彲浠ュ畾涔夐粯璁よ涓虹殑錛屼篃灝辨槸璇撮噷闈㈠彲浠ュ畾涔変笉鏄痑bstract 淇グ鐨勭被錛岃屾帴鍙ｆ槸涓嶅彲浠ョ殑錛屾墍浠ヤ笂闈㈤偅涓娊璞＄被搴旇鏀規(guī)垚鎺ュ彛鐨勶紒 鍥炲
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