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ZelluX — Mon, 12 May 2008 14:04:00 GMT

VIM Calender是个很好用的写日记的插�g(http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=52)

水木上的rmrf写了一个同步VIM Calender和Google Calender的脚�?http://code.google.com/p/diaryvgc/downloads/list)

惛_��blogger.com支持通过发送邮件发布日志，于是我也写了个把VIM Calender中的日记发布到blogger.com的脚本�?br />
�q�个脚本把发布情况记录在diary/poster.log中，以后每次执行只会发布最新的日志�Q�同时考虑到当天的日记可能会被修改�Q�blogger.com��g��不支持通过email修改日志�Q�，所以当天的日记不会被发布�?br />
使用的时候修改开头几行的配置信息卛_��

#!/usr/bin/python

# A script for posting diaries created by VIM Calender to blogger.com
# Author: Wang Yuanxuan

import smtplib, os, re, datetime
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

fromaddr = xxxxx@fudan.edu.cn'
toaddr = xxxx.xxxx@blogger.com'
smtpserver = 'mail.fudan.edu.cn'
diarydir = '/home/user_name/diary'
username = 'xxxxxx'
password = 'xxxxxx'
logpath = diarydir + '/poster.log'

def PostMail(title, content):
    msg = MIMEText(content + '\r\n#end\r\n')
    msg['Subject'] = title
    msg['From'] = fromaddr
    msg['To'] = toaddr

    server = smtplib.SMTP(smtpserver)
    server.login(username, password)
    # server.set_debuglevel(1)
    server.sendmail(fromaddr, [toaddr], msg.as_string())
    server.quit()

# Load log file. Create a new one if not exist.
posted = []
if os.path.isfile(logpath):
    temp = open(logpath, 'r')
    posted = [line[:-1] for line in temp.readlines()]
    log = open(logpath, 'a')
else:
    print "A new poster log has been created at " + logpath
    log = open(logpath, 'w')

pattern = r'(\d{4})/(\d{1,2})/(\d{1,2}).cal$'
scanner = re.compile(pattern)

for (top, dirname, filenames) in os.walk(diarydir):
    for filename in filenames:
        fullpath = os.path.join(top, filename)
        if scanner.search(fullpath):
            (year, month, day) = scanner.search(fullpath).groups()
            filedate = datetime.date(int(year), int(month), int(day))
            title = filedate.isoformat()
            if filedate == datetime.date.today():
                continue
            if fullpath not in posted:
                log.write(fullpath + '\n')
                text = open(fullpath).read()
                PostMail(title, text)
                print 'The diary ' + title + ' has been posted'

log.close()

ZelluX 2008-05-12 22:04 发表评论

[zz]True closure in Python

ZelluX — Mon, 11 Feb 2008 08:18:00 GMT

发现自己对Python的语法的兴趣�q�比对��用Python本��n的兴��浓厚得�?br /> ��Z��么水木上的帖子每行末��N��是用�I�格填充的，每次转蝲�q�要先放到vim里面处理一下。。�?br />
by ilovecpp

让Python支持true closure有多难？
只需修改11行代码�?/p>

如果你不知道什么是true closure�Q�这里简单解释一下。Python支持lexicalscope�Q?/p>

>>> def add_n(n):
...     def f(m):
...             return n+m
...     return f
>>> add_2 = add_n(2)
>>> add_2(0)
2
>>> add_2(2)
4

f引用了外层函数add_n的局部变量n。有��的是，f引用n的时候，add_n已经�l�束�Q�n��g��不存在了。f所以能正常工作�Q�是因�ؓ创徏它的时候就把n作�ؓf的上下文(closure)保存了下来，�q�不随add_n�l�束而消失�?br /> 但是�Q�Python的lexical scope和Scheme/Smalltalk/Ruby�q�有一点区别：不能在内层函��C��rebind外层函数的局部变量�?br /> >>> def f():
...     def g():
...             n=1
...     n=0
...     g()
...     return n
...
>>> f()
0

�q�是因�ؓPython没有变量声明�Q?n=1 自动使n成�ؓg的局部变量，也就无法rebind f中的n了。可以说Python的closure是只�ȝ��。如果你听到有�h�?Python不支持true closure"�Q�就是指�q�个。其实，Python VM能够支持true closure。因为，Python支持内层函数看见外层函数的name rebinding:

>>> def f():
...     def g():
...             yield n
...             yield n
...     x = g()
...     n = 0
...     print x.next()
...     n = 1
...     print x.next()
...
>>> f()
0
1

对于Python的closure实现(flat closure)�Q?外层函数rebind name"�?内层函数rebind name"其实没有区别。我们知道用global关键字可以rebind module scopename。如果增加一个类似的outer关键字，��可以支持rebind outer scope name。真正的限制是Guido不愿意�ؓ支持true closure增加关键字�?/p>

也可以不增加关键字，而是把global n的语义改�?如果outer scope定义了n�Q�rebind outer scope n�Q�否则rebind module scope n"。简单�v见，我没有修改Python的built-in compiler�Q�而是修改了compiler module(用Python实现的Python compiler)。你只需把下面这个patch打到compiler/symbols.py(Python 2.5.1)��可以体验true closure了：

C:\Python\Lib>diff -u compiler/symbols.py.orig compiler/symbols.py
--- compiler/symbols.py.orig    Thu Aug 17 10:28:56 2006
+++ compiler/symbols.py Mon Feb 11 12:03:01 2008
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
         self.params = {}
         self.frees = {}
         self.cells = {}
+        self.outers = {}
         self.children = []
         # nested is true if the class could contain free variables,
         # i.e. if it is nested within another function.
@@ -54,8 +55,10 @@
         if self.params.has_key(name):
             raise SyntaxError, "%s in %s is global and parameter" % \
                   (name, self.name)
-        self.globals[name] = 1
-        self.module.add_def(name)
+        if self.nested:
+            self.outers[name] = 1
+        else:
+            self.globals[name] = 1

     def add_param(self, name):
         name = self.mangle(name)
@@ -90,6 +93,8 @@
         """
         if self.globals.has_key(name):
             return SC_GLOBAL
+        if self.outers.has_key(name):
+            return SC_FREE
         if self.cells.has_key(name):
             return SC_CELL
         if self.defs.has_key(name):
@@ -107,6 +112,7 @@
             return ()
         free = {}
         free.update(self.frees)
+        free.update(self.outers)
         for name in self.uses.keys():
             if not (self.defs.has_key(name) or
                     self.globals.has_key(name)):
@@ -134,6 +140,9 @@
         free.
         """
         self.globals[name] = 1
+        if self.outers.has_key(name):
+            self.module.add_def(name)
+            del self.outers[name]
         if self.frees.has_key(name):
             del self.frees[name]
         for child in self.children:

因�ؓ我们没有修改built-in compiler�Q�所以程序要写在字符串里�Q�用compiler.compile�~�译�Q�用exec执行�Q?br /> >>> from compiler import compile
>>> s = '''
... def counter():
...     n = 0
...     def inc():
...             global n
...             n += 1
...     def dec():
...             global n
...             n -= 1
...     def get():
...             return n
...     return inc, dec, get
... '''
>>> exec compile(s, '', 'exec')
>>> inc, dec, get = counter()
>>> get()
0
>>> inc()
>>> get()
1
>>> dec()
>>> get()
0

后记

1 搞这个东西的�~��v是Selfless Python(http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/weblog/arch_d7_2006_12_16.shtml#e583)。很有趣的bytecode hack�Q�给一个类中的所有函数补上self参数。既然PythonVM支持true closure�Q�能不能用类似的手法让Python支持true closure呢？不过很快��明白这个在bytecode层面不好弄，�q�是得修改编译器。不�q�改��h��q�真是出乎意料地��单�?/p>

2 Guido早已明确表示不能改变global的语义（因�ؓ会媄响现有代码）�Q�所以这个只是玩玩而已�Q�不用指望成为现实。当然你可以只发布bytecode�Q�大概还能把反编译器搞挂掉�?-)
3 我可以理解Guido的决定。除非你之前一直在用Scheme�Q�否则我觉得像上面counter例子那种一�l�共享状态的函数�q�是写成class为好�Q�至��共享状态是什么一目了然。Lexical scope太implicit�Q�用在开头add_n那种地方挺方便，再复杂就不好了�?/p>

又：很抱�?�q�后的故�?拖了�q�么久。写��h��才发现自��p��是不懂descriptor�?br /> 不过我肯定不会让它烂��?/p>

ZelluX 2008-02-11 16:18 发表评论

ZelluX — Tue, 25 Dec 2007 13:29:00 GMT

利用enumerate

for i, obj in enumerate(list):
print i, obj

Help on class enumerate in module __builtin__:

class enumerate(object)
| enumerate(iterable) -> iterator for index, value of iterable
|
| Return an enumerate object. iterable must be an other object that supports
| iteration. The enumerate object yields pairs containing a count (from
| zero) and a value yielded by the iterable argument. enumerate is useful
| for obtaining an indexed list: (0, seq[0]), (1, seq[1]), (2, seq[2]), ...
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __getattribute__(...)
|      x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name
|
| __iter__(...)
|      x.__iter__() <==> iter(x)
|
| next(...)
|      x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration
|
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------
| Data and other attributes defined here:
|
| __new__ =
|      T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T

ZelluX 2007-12-25 21:29 发表评论

ZelluX — Tue, 04 Dec 2007 10:48:00 GMT

lambda真是王道�?br />

#!/usr/bin/env python
d={'a':1,'b':5,'c':4}
print sorted(d.items(), key=lambda (k,v): (v,k))

Help on built-in function sorted in module __builtin__:

sorted(...)
sorted(iterable, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) --> new sorted list

ZelluX 2007-12-04 18:48 发表评论

【�{载】Python 中的函数式编�E?(1)

ZelluX — Fri, 23 Nov 2007 13:15:00 GMT

摘要: from IBM developerWorks 原文的代码部分很乱，整理了一�?Although users usually think of Python as a procedural and object-oriented language, it actually contains everything you need for a completely func... 阅读全文

ZelluX 2007-11-23 21:15 发表评论

texttable - module for creating simple ASCII tables

ZelluX — Mon, 10 Sep 2007 15:40:00 GMT

http://jefke.free.fr/soft/texttable/
dl: http://jefke.free.fr/soft/texttable/texttable.py
NAME
   texttable - module for creating simple ASCII tables
FILE
   /usr/lib/python2.3/site-packages/texttable.py
DESCRIPTION
   Example:
   table = Texttable()
   table.header(["Name", "Age"])
   table.set_cols_align(["l", "r"])
   table.add_row(["Xavier\nHuon", 32])
   table.add_row(["Baptiste\nClement", 1])
   table.draw()
   Result:
   +----------+-----+
   | Name | Age |
   +==========+=====+
   | Xavier | 32 |
   | Huon | |
   +----------+-----+
   | Baptiste | 1 |
   | Clement | |
   +----------+-----+
CLASSES
   exceptions.Exception
   ArraySizeError
   Texttable
   class ArraySizeError(exceptions.Exception)
   | Exception raised when specified rows don't fit the required size
   |
   | Methods defined here:
   |
   | __init__(self, msg)
   |
   | __str__(self)
   |
   | ----------------------------------------------------------------------
   | Methods inherited from exceptions.Exception:
   |
   | __getitem__(...)
   class Texttable
   | Methods defined here:
   |
   | __init__(self, max_width=80)
   | Constructor
   | - max_width is an integer, specifying the maximum width of the t
able
   | - if set to 0, size is unlimited, therefore cells won't be wrapp
ed
   |
   | add_row(self, array)
   | Add a row in the rows stack
   |
   | Cells can contain newlines.
   |
   | draw(self)
   | Draw the table
   |
   | header(self, array)
   | Specify the header of the table
   |
   | reset(self)
   | Reset the instance:
   | - reset rows and header
   |
   | set_chars(self, array)
   | Set the characters used to draw lines between rows and
   | columns.
   |
   | The array should contain 4 fields:
   |
   | [horizontal, vertical, corner, header]
   |
   | Default is set to:
   |
   | ['-', '|', '+', '=']
   |
   | set_cols_align(self, array)
   | Set the desired columns alignment
   |
   | The elements of the array should be either "l", "c" or "r"
   | - "l": column flushed left
   | - "c": column centered
   | - "r": column flushed right
   |
   | set_cols_width(self, array)
   | Set the desired columns width
   |
   | The elements of the array should be integers, specifying the
   | width of each column. For example:
   |
   | [10, 20, 5]
   |
   | set_deco(self, deco)
   | Set the table decoration. 'deco' can be a combinaison of:
   |
   | Texttable.BORDER: Border around the table
   | Texttable.HEADER: Horizontal line below the header
   | Texttable.HLINES: Horizontal lines between rows
   | Texttable.VLINES: Vertical lines between columns
   |
   | Example:
   |
   | Texttable.BORDER | Texttable.HEADER
   |
   | All of them are enabled by default.
   |
   | --------------------------------------------------------------------
--
   | Data and other attributes defined here:
   |
   | BORDER = 1
   |
   | HEADER = 4
   |
   | HLINES = 8
   |
   | VLINES = 16
DATA
   __all__ = ['Texttable', 'ArraySizeError']
   __author__ = 'Gerome Fournier '
   __credits__ = 'Jeff Kowalczyk:\n - textwrap improved import\n - ..
.
   __license__ = 'GPL'
   __revision__ = '$Id: texttable.py,v 1.3 2003/10/05 13:53:39 jef Exp je..
.
   __version__ = '0.3'
VERSION
   0.3
AUTHOR
   Gerome Fournier
CREDITS
   Jeff Kowalczyk:
   - textwrap improved import
   - comment concerning header output

ZelluX 2007-09-10 23:40 发表评论

燕曦版友信息�l�计脚本

ZelluX — Mon, 10 Sep 2007 04:27:00 GMT

connector.py

import urllib, urllib2, cookielib

class MyConnector:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def login(self, url):
        cookie = cookielib.CookieJar()
        opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie))
        urllib2.install_opener(opener)
        str = urllib.urlencode({'id': 'guest', 'passwd': ''})
        self.sock = urllib2.urlopen(url, str)

    def getHTML(self, url):
        self.sock = urllib2.urlopen(url)
        return self.sock.read()

yanxiparser.py

from sgmllib import SGMLParser
import re

class YanxiURLParser(SGMLParser):
    def reset(self):
        self.result = []
        SGMLParser.reset(self)

    def start_a(self, attrs):
        for (k, v) in attrs:
            if (k == 'href' and (v.find('bbsanc') >= 0)):
                self.result.append(v)

class YanxiHTMLParser:
    def parse(self, html):
        uid = ufrom = ubirth = ufav = ''

        html = html.replace(r' ', ' ')
        html = html.replace(r'', '')

        pattern = '\xbe\xcd\xca\xc7(.*)\xc0\xb2'
        matchObject = re.search(pattern, html)
        uid = matchObject.group(1)
        uid = uid.strip()

        pattern = '\xc0\xb4\xd7\xd4(.*)\xa3(\xac|xa1)'
        matchObject = re.search(pattern, html)
        ufrom = matchObject.group(1)
        ufrom = ufrom.strip()

        pattern = '\xcf\xb2\xbb\xb6(.*)\n'
        matchObject = re.search(pattern, html)
        ufav = matchObject.group(1)
        ufav = ufav.strip()

        pattern = '\n(.*)\xca\xc7\xce\xd2\xb5\xc4\xc9\xfa\xc8\xd5'
        matchObject = re.search(pattern, html)
        ubirth = matchObject.group(1)
        ubirth = ubirth.strip()
        return {"id" : uid, "from" : ufrom, "birth" : ubirth, "fav" : ufav}

runner.py

from connector import MyConnector
from yanxiparser import *

rootURL = 'http://yanxibbs.cn'
loginURL = 'http://yanxibbs.cn/bbslogin.php'
url1 = 'http://yanxibbs.cn/cgi-bin/bbs/bbs0an?path=%2Fgroups%2FGROUP%5F3%2F06SS%2Fbyxx%2Fbjcy'
url2 = 'http://yanxibbs.cn/cgi-bin/bbs/bbs0an?path=%2Fgroups%2FGROUP%5F3%2F06SS%2Fbyxx%2Fbjyr'

conn = MyConnector()
conn.login(loginURL)

def printInfo(url):
    html = conn.getHTML(url)
    urlParser = YanxiURLParser()
    htmlParser = YanxiHTMLParser()
    urlParser.feed(html)

    for targetURL in urlParser.result:
        html = conn.getHTML(rootURL + targetURL)
        info = htmlParser.parse(html)
        print "%(id)s\t%(from)s\t%(birth)s\t%(fav)s" % info

printInfo(url1)
printInfo(url2)

ZelluX 2007-09-10 12:27 发表评论

Python 学习�W�记 - XML 解析

ZelluX — Sat, 18 Aug 2007 08:33:00 GMT

1. 貌似和dive into python中的有一定的差异�Q�可能是版本的关�p?python 2.2 - 2.5)
minidom.parse("binary.xml")得到的对象是binary.xml的整��dom树，它的�W�一个结点包含了DOCTYPE的相关信息，对于它的字节点的firstNode�Q�貌��g��般都是空的�?br>
2. unicode 相关
string.encode()
sys.getdefaultencoding()
指定.py文�g�~�码的方法：
在每个文件开头加入编码声�?br># -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

3. python目录的lib/site-packages/sitecustomize.py是一个特�D�的脚本�Q�Python会在启动的时候导入它�?br>
4. 搜烦元素�Q?br>getElementByTagName()
�q�回的是一个list

5. 元素属�?br>attributes 是一个xml.dom.minidom.NameNodeMap实例�Q�常用的�Ҏ��如keys() values()�Q�同时也有__getitem__�Ҏ��Q�类��g��dictionary

ZelluX 2007-08-18 16:33 发表评论

Python 学习 - File and Directory

ZelluX — Wed, 15 Aug 2007 14:34:00 GMT

1. 几个常用对象�Q?br>os.system 执行命��o
sys.stdin sys.stdout
os.path.getsize 获得文�g大小
os.path.isdir
os.mkdir
os.listdir

2. walk()函数
很好用的一个函�?br>os.path.walk(rootdir, f, arg)
rootdir是要讉K��的目录树的根�Q�f是用户定义的函数�Q�arg是调用f时用的一个参数�?br>对于每一�?walk"�q�程中遇到的目录directory�Q�设该目录下的文件列表�ؓfilelist�Q�walk函数会调�?br>f(arg, directory, filelist)

ZelluX 2007-08-15 22:34 发表评论

Python 学习�W�记 (5)

ZelluX — Tue, 14 Aug 2007 16:07:00 GMT

1. 交换x和y的�?nbsp; [x, y] = [y, x]

2. zip()�Ҏ��把几个lists的第i个元素合成一个tuple�Q�放在一个新的list中�?br>zip(seq1 [, seq2 [...]]) -> [(seq1[0], seq2[0] ...), (...)]

函数式编�E�相�?/strong>

1. Mapping
map() �Ҏ��对序列中的每个元素调用某个函敎ͼ��q�回新生成的�l�果序列�?br>有点�c�M��于Ruby的Array.each do | element |
>>> z = map(len, ["abc", "clounds", "rain"])
>>> z
[3, 6, 4]

2. Filtering
�q��o掉满��x��件的元素�Q�类��g��Array.reject do | element |
>>> x = [5,12,-2,13]
>>> y = filter(lambda z: z > 0, x)
>>> y
[5, 12, 13]

3. List Comprehension
来个复杂的例�?br>>>> y
[[0, 2, 22], [1, 5, 12], [2, 3, 33]]
>>> [a for b in y for a in b[1:]]
[2, 22, 5, 12, 3, 33]

4. Reduction
先看�C�Z��
>>> x = reduce(lambda x,y: x+y, range(5))
>>> x
10
执行的顺序是�Q�首先调用函数处理range(5)前两个��|��0 + 1 = 1�Q�然后返回的�?作�ؓx�Q��l�与range(5)的第三个�?2�Q�作为y)�?br>最后的�l�果�?+1+2+3+4的�?br>�q�个常用来代替for循环

ZelluX 2007-08-15 00:07 发表评论

用Python写了个URP查分�E�序

ZelluX — Fri, 03 Aug 2007 11:50:00 GMT
��两个文件放在同一目录中，修改gpa.sh中的账号密码�Q��ƈ用chmod讄��为可执行�Q�运行即可�?br>写得不怎么��P��像URPParser里处理标�{��时候直接输��Z��Q�很不规范，不过懒得改了
urpparser.py:

from sgmllib import SGMLParser

class URPParser(SGMLParser):
    def reset(self):
        self.tdOpen = 0
        self.colCount = -1
        self.firstRow = 1
        self.pieces = []
        SGMLParser.reset(self)

    def start_td(self, attrs):
        """
            When encountered with tag td, check whether there's
            an align property in the tag, which will distinguish
            score table from others.
        """

        for (k, v) in attrs:
            if (k == "align"):
                self.tdOpen = 1
                break

    def end_td(self):
        self.tdOpen = 0

    def handle_data(self, text):
        if (self.tdOpen > 0):
            if (len(text.strip()) > 0):
                self.colCount += 1
                if (self.colCount > 6):
                    self.colCount = 0
                    self.firstRow = 0
                    print
                if (self.firstRow):
                    return
                if (self.colCount == 2):
                    print "\t",
                else:
                    print text.strip(),"\t",

gpa.sh:

#!/usr/bin/python
import urllib, cookielib, urllib2

loginURL = "http://fdis.fudan.edu.cn:58080/amserver/UI/Login?" +\
           "goto=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urp.fudan.edu.cn%3A84%2Feps" +\
           "tar%2Fapp%2Ffudan%2FframeSub.jsp%3FaffairNO%3D035067"
scoreURL = "http://www.urp.fudan.edu.cn:84/epstar/app/fudan/S" +\
           "coreManger/ScoreViewer/Student/Course.jsp"
logoutURL = "http://www.urp.fudan.edu.cn/logout.jsp"

cookie = cookielib.CookieJar()
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie))
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
str = urllib.urlencode({'Login.Token1': '06301000000', 'Login.Token2': "yourpassword"})
sock1 = urllib2.urlopen(loginURL, str)
loginHTML = sock1.read()
sock1.close()

sock2 = urllib2.urlopen(scoreURL)
scoreHTML = sock2.read()
sock2.close()

sock3 = urllib2.urlopen(logoutURL)
sock3.close()

from urpparser import URPParser
parser = URPParser()
parser.feed(scoreHTML)
print

ZelluX 2007-08-03 19:50 发表评论

Python 学习�W�记 (4)

ZelluX — Wed, 01 Aug 2007 16:30:00 GMT
1.��Z��dictionary的字�W�串格式�?br>>>> params = {"server":"mpilgrim", "database":"master", "uid":"sa", "pwd":"secret"}
>>> "%(pwd)s" % params
'secret'
�q�个东西的用处在于和locals的搭配��用，比如样例�E�序�?br>
def handle_comment(self, text):
    self.pieces.append("" % locals())

��p��取了text变量的内宏V�?br>不过�q�样和直接用text变量有什么区别呢�Q�貌�?" % text也可以啊
水木上问了一下，得到的答案是
发信�? Essien5 (宝贝晶~), 信区: Python
�? �? Re: 关于locals()的用�?br>发信�? 水木�C�֌� (Thu Aug 2 11:16:37 2007), 转信

好处��是多个变量是代码很好维护，一一对应
'%s%s.......%s'%(a,b,c,d,....,z)
'%(a)s%(b)s......%(z)s'%locals()
�W�一�U�写法前面的%s和后面的变量很难对应��h��Q�bug的源�?br>后一个就非常直观�?br>而且要往中间再随便插变量也方�?/span>

2. 自己的类�l�承了SGMLParser后，需要对�Ҏ��标记处理�Q�可以以start_或do_开始命名相兛_��数�?br>可以�q�样做的原因在于python的自醒机�?introspection)

    def finish_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        try:
            method = getattr(self, 'start_' + tag)
        except AttributeError:
            try:
                method = getattr(self, 'do_' + tag)
            except AttributeError:
                self.unknown_starttag(tag, attrs)
                return -1
            else:
                self.handle_starttag(tag, method, attrs)
                return 0
        else:
            self.stack.append(tag)
            self.handle_starttag(tag, method, attrs)
            return 1
�E�序首先��试获得start_tagname的方法，如果��p�|则��l�尝试获得do_tagname�Q�如果仍然不能找刎ͼ�则调用unknown_starttag�Ҏ��?br>感觉�q�和Java的反��机制很�怼��Q�例如Javabean中的getter setter�Ҏ��Q�也是通过�Ҏ��命名的�Ş式让其他对象了解自己的�?br>
3. import 语句可以写在��M��地方�?br>

ZelluX 2007-08-02 00:30 发表评论

Python 学习�W�记 (3)

ZelluX — Tue, 10 Jul 2007 03:00:00 GMT
1.
�׃��Python的判断语句返回值的�Ҏ��性，and-or语句可以辑ֈ��c�M��三元�q�算�W�的效果�?br>bool ? a : b
可以写成
bool and a or b

2.
print None 不会输出��M��信息
需要显�C�None�Q�要使用print str(None)

ZelluX 2007-07-10 11:00 发表评论

[zz]Ruby两本书读后感

ZelluX — Sat, 16 Jun 2007 11:54:00 GMT

http://www.aurora-x.net/blog/oasis/?p=92
by opengl@rygh

现在市面上系�l�的�Q�由��及��q��讲Ruby的书凤毛麟角�Q�这本是分量最重的一本。原书第二版出版到现在也�q�去两年了，国内刚刚在这个月由博文引�q�电工发行了译本�?br>
800+��늚�大部��_��一半是核心库和标准库的参考，另外一半分��Z��个部分——基��、环境、高�U�。这其中我觉得比较有价值的部分在于“高��q�一�?#8221;有助于让你从一个更高的层次来理解和掌握�q�门语言�Q�这一部分也是需要经常参考的部分�?/p>
��国内目前引�q�的唯一一本算是讲Ruby的书�Q�要从这本书开始学习Ruby估计会吓跑不��潜在用戗��作者是大牛没错�Q�不�q�教学则是另一回事了（大家都应有体会，本科上课的时候课讲的最好的老师通常都不是学术最牛的老师�Q�。缺�Ҏ��两处很明显：

�W�一是自��向下，它的��序是这��L��Q?/p>
对象和类–>容器、集�?#8211;>标准�c�d��–>表达�?#8211;>异常和模�?#8211;>基本输入输出

一个从上降��C��又陡然上升的�q�程。作者自�׃��说在�W�一版里�q�样的效果�ƈ不好�Q�因此在�W�二版里�Ҏ��增加了一个介�l�性章节，�_�略的先把所有东西列�l�读者看一遍。虽然�v��C��作用�Q�但是实际效果我惛_��于初学者来说仍然不会太好。C++/Java的书我都读过不少�Q�也没见哪个是一上来��把Class/Object�q�些东西甩给读者的�Q��L��从基本类型、控制语句过渡。除非你已经对OO�q�套相当熟悉了，否则上来�q�个门槛��p��把一堆新手挡在门外�?/p>
接下来的�Q�谈不上十分晦�ӆ�Q�但也不是什么读来轻快的内容�Q�关键是作者给的例子较��，使得象块、�P代这些特色难以掌握。再有一点，ruby的语法风格有相当部分�q�保留有Perl的痕�q�，而Perl是出了名的以奇怪符可��U�C��世，�q�些�W�号在新手眼里不外天书，而高手们则爱不释手�?/p>
所以，要能比较��利的通过�q�本书的入门之�\�Q�你得事先具有OO的基��Q�至��一门脚本语�a�的经验（Perl最佻I��Q�函数式�~�程的一些概念（否则当你看到块的一些用法时会很�q�h��Q�。然后，可以用Ruby�W�拙的写一些小�E�序了�?/p>
Ruby作�ؓ动态语�a�之一�Q�它的最大特点自然是“动�?#8221;两个字，其著名的“duck typing”��是一大体玎ͼ�在我看来�Q�就像是��Z��接口的调用，但却�q�不用一个给定的接口��M��先限�Ӟ��。这些在高��部分里都有专门讲�q�ͼ�是应该重点学习的部分�?/p>
那么入门�I�竟用什么书更好�Q�我推荐《Everyday Scripting with Ruby》这本。和《Programming Ruby》同一个出版社�Q�今�q�一月䆾刚出了原版。它是以相当循序渐进的方式带领读者进入Ruby的世界，��其是作者精心设计的几个Project是全书亮点（学习一门语�a�最好的方式�q�是要动手写�E�序�Q��?/p>
最后�ȝ��如下�Q�首先看《Everyday》这本书�Q�跟着书中的指导摆弄过所有的Project�Q��ƈ完成相应的练习。然后再看《Programmin》一书的Crystallized部分。再之后��׃��要是当作API参考手册了。花钱去��C��文版我个��得不是很有必要，��d��四部分中�Q�前两部分我觉得蛮鸡肋的�Q�第四部分在电脑上查更方便，只有�W�三部分有较高的价倹{�?/p>

ZelluX 2007-06-16 19:54 发表评论

Ruby 学习�W�记 (2)

ZelluX — Sat, 16 Jun 2007 11:30:00 GMT

1. Array#reject �Ҏ��遍历一个集合的每个元素�Q��ƈ把符合条件的元素删去�?br/>例如��L��数组中的所有素�?br/>nums = nums.reject do | num |
prime?(num)
end
puts nums

2. String#chomp �Ҏ��
str.chomp(separator=$/) => new_str
Returns a new +String+ with the given record separator removed from
the end of _str_ (if present). If +$/+ has not been changed from
the default Ruby record separator, then +chomp+ also removes
carriage return characters (that is it will remove +\n+, +\r+, and
+\r\n+).

"hello".chomp #=> "hello"
"hello\n".chomp #=> "hello"
"hello\r\n".chomp #=> "hello"
"hello\n\r".chomp #=> "hello\n"
"hello\r".chomp #=> "hello"
"hello \n there".chomp #=> "hello \n there"
"hello".chomp("llo") #=> "he"

3. 判断是否在命令行�q�行脚本
if $0 == __FILE__
check_usage
compare_inventory_files(ARGV[0], ARGV[1])
end
�c�M��于Java�cȝ��main�Ҏ��Q�在被其他类导入时不会运行其中的代码�?/p>
4. Enumerable#any? �Ҏ��查找一个集合中是否有满��x��件的元素
irb(main):004:0> deposits = [1, 0, 10000]
irb(main):005:0> deposits.any? do | deposit |
irb(main):006:1* deposit > 9999
irb(main):007:1> end
=> true

5. 关于��试
�q�本�?Everyday Scripting with Ruby)的很多程序都是依循测试驱动开发的思想写出来的�Q�测试单元中的方法通常有两�U�目的�?br/>一�U�是direct test�Q�需要测试那个函数就直接调用那个函数�Q�传递的参数都是直接写出来的�?br/>另一�U�是bootstrapping test�Q�被��试函数的参��C��是通过生成�q�些参数的函数生成的�Q�即一个方法测试了多个对象�?br/>Everyone finds their own balance between testing directly and testing indirectly. You will too.

6. Time#strftime �Ҏ��
t = Time.now
t.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y") #=> "Printed on 04/09/2003"
t.strftime("at %I:%M%p") #=> "at 08:56AM"

ZelluX 2007-06-16 19:30 发表评论

Ruby 入门�W�记 (1)

ZelluX — Thu, 14 Jun 2007 06:02:00 GMT
先把各种热门的东襉K��走马观花地看一遍，呵呵�?br>看的是Everyday Scripting with Ruby�Q�风格和In Action�p�d��差不多，大量的实例�?br>现在学Ruby的主要目的也是everyday scripting�Q�方便数据处理、生成，文�g批处理等�Q�RoR之类的暂时不考虑�?br>
1. String.inspect �Ҏ��
文档中的说法�?br>     str.inspect   => string

     Returns a printable version of _str_, with special characters
     escaped.

        str = "hello"
        str[3] = 8
        str.inspect       #=> "hel\010o"

具体情况试试 myString.inspect.inspect....��p��了解一点了

2. Arrays.each �?Arrays.collect
for_each�Ҏ��

irb(main):007:0> [1, 2, 3].each do | element |
irb(main):008:1*   puts element
irb(main):009:1> end
1
2
3
=> [1, 2, 3]

后者与前者的不同之处在于�Q�在处理数据的同�Ӟ��每次处理的返回结果都会保存到一个新的数�l�中�q�回�?br>irb(main):036:0> newarray = ["aBC", "B"].collect do |e|
irb(main):037:1* e.downcase
irb(main):038:1> end
=> ["abc", "b"]

3. Messages and Methods
It can be hard to remember the difference between messages and methods. A message is a request sent from some sender object. When the receiver object receives the message, it looks to see whether it has a method with the same name. If so, the Ruby code within the method is run, and the results are returned to the sender. The message is the request; the method fulfills it.
呃，�q�是没有感性认识�?br>
4. Delimiting Blocks
块的两种表示方式�Q?br>array.each do | element |
    puts element
end
array.each { | element |
    puts element
}
通常使用�W�一�U�，但可以用一行写成的情况也可以��用第二种�Q?br>array.each { | element | puts element }

ZelluX 2007-06-14 14:02 发表评论

Python 学习�W�记 (2)

ZelluX — Fri, 11 May 2007 08:22:00 GMT

1. Dictionary �c�d��
1) �c�M��于Java中的Hashtable�c�，Dictionary定义了键和值的一对一的关�p�R�?br>2) 定义�Q�{key:value}
d = {"server":"Tomcat", "database":"MySQL"}
3) key对大��写敏感�?br>4) 可�؜用各�U�数据类型�?br>5) 删除元素 del d["server"]
6) 清除所有元�?d.clear()

2. List �c�d��
1) 定义�Q?br>li = ["a", "b", 1]
2) 下标�?开始�?br>3) 负数索引从list的尾部向前计数来存取元素�Q�即
li[-n] == li[len(li) - n]
4) 分片(slice)
>>> li = ['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
>>> li[1:3]   //从第2个元素到�W?个元�?br>['b', 'mpilgrim']
>>> li[1:-1] //从第2个元素到倒数�W?个元�?br>['b', 'mpilgrim', 'z']
>>> li[:3]
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim']
>>> li[3:]
['z', 'example']
>>> li[:]
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']

5) 增加元素
a) append 末尾�q�加单个元素
b) insert ��单个元素插入某个位�|?br>>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new']
>>> li.insert(2, "new")
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'new', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example', 'new']
c) extend 合�ƈ另一个List

6) 搜烦
a) index 查找一个值的首次出现�q�返回烦引��|��如果没有扑ֈ�则引发异常，与Java不同
b) in 操作�W�测试一个值是否在list�?/p>
7) 删除元素
a) remove 删除某个元素�Q�如不存在则引发异常
b) pop 弹出栈顶元素�Q�即删除最后一个值�ƈ�q�回该�?/p>
8) List�q�算�W?真方便啊 -,=
>>> li = ['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim']
>>> li = li + ['example', 'new']
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new']
>>> li += ['two']
>>> li
['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'example', 'new', 'two']
>>> li = [1, 2] * 3
>>> li
[1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]

ZelluX 2007-05-11 16:22 发表评论

初学时的�W�记

ZelluX — Tue, 01 May 2007 17:09:00 GMT
2007-3-11

1. 字符�Ԍ��
a) 使用三引�?’’’�?#8221;””)用来指示多行的字�W�串�Q�其中可以自��q��使用单引��h��双引受��?br>b) 自然字符�Ԍ��在字�W�串前加上r或R�Q�表�C�Z��需要�{义符�Ҏ��处理�?br>c) Unicode字符�Ԍ��串前加u�?br>d) 和Java一��P��字符串不可变�?br>e) Python没有专门的char�c�d��?br>f) 使用正则表示式时�Q�徏议��用自然表辑ּ�处理�?br>2. 标识�W�：必须以字母或下划�U��v始，其他部分可以有数字，大小写敏感�?br>3. 行：
a) 每个Python�E�序都有一些逻辑�?logical liens)�l�成�Q�后者通常��p��q�物理行(physical lines)�l�成�?br>b) 每个物理行都可以�׃��条注释结束，不在字符串中�?�W�号表示一条注释�?br>c) 在一个交互解释界面中�Q�必��通过输入�I��来结束多行语句�?br>d) ; 可以用于分割一物理行中的不同逻辑行，但Python中很��出�?;
e) 转义�W?\ 也可以用于行末表�C�在下一行��l��?br>4. �~�进�Q?br>a) �~�进对于Python中很重要�Q�错误的�~�进很有可能会引发错误�?br>b) 同一层次的语句必��L��相同的羃�q�。每一�l�这��L��语句�U�Cؓ一个块�?br>5. �q�算
a) // �q�回商的整数部分�Q�即Java中的 \
b) 比较�q�算�W�可以被��L��q�结�Q�如3<5<7�q�回True�?br>6. 控制��?br>a) raw_input(‘Input a number: ‘) ��字�W�串输入到屏�q�上�Q��ƈ�{�待用户的输入，�q�回字符丌Ӏ�有点像Basic的input�?br>b) if 语句中elif相当于else if。一个简单的if语句�Q?br>if True:
    print ‘It is true’
c) Python中没有switch语句�Q��用if-elif-else代替�?br>d) while, for语句中也可以有else:�Q�注意与while, for寚w��
e) for i in range(1, 5)
依次循环i=1, 2, 3, 4
range()�q�回一个序列的敎ͼ�包括1�Q�不包括5。另外可以再增加一个步长参敎ͼ�如range(0, 4, 2)生成0�?
f) break语句跛_��后，else语句不被执行�?br>7. 函数
a) 形参�Q�函数头中声明的参数�Q�实参：提供�l�函数调用的参数�?br>b) 函数块�ƈ不会修改块外参数的倹{��可以��用global语句声明为全局变量�Q�但应尽量避免�?br>c) 默认参数��|��直接在函数头中赋倹{��但只有在末��参数才可以有默认倹{�?br>d) 关键参数�?br>

ZelluX 2007-05-02 01:09 发表评论