?Hibernate2.1.8中有關一對多的文檔,可以查看官方網站上的文檔:
http://www.hibernate.org/hib_docs/reference/zh-cn/html/,由于篇幅太長,這里就不再引用。
??????我的例子是一個全國省和市的數據表,省為一個表,市為一個表,所使用的數據庫是MySQL 4.1.11。表的結構如下:
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CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?Province
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(
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???Guid???????????????????????????INT????????????????????????????NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT,
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???Provincename???????????????????VARCHAR(16)????????????????????NOT?NULL,
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???PRIMARY?KEY?(Guid)
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)?TYPE=InnoDB;
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CREATE?TABLE?IF?NOT?EXISTS?City
?9
(
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???Guid???????????????????????????INT????????????????????????????NOT?NULL?AUTO_INCREMENT,
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???Cityname???????????????????????VARCHAR(32)????????????????????NOT?NULL,
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???ProvinceID?????????????????????INT????????????????????????????NOT?NULL,
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???PRIMARY?KEY?(Guid)
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)?TYPE=InnoDB;
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ALTER?TABLE?City?ADD?CONSTRAINT?CityRFProvince?FOREIGN?KEY?(ProvinceID)?
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???REFERENCES?Province?(Guid)?ON?DELETE?CASCADE?ON?UPDATE?RESTRICT; ??????Province表做為主控方,City表做為被控方,兩者之間是雙向的一對多關系。用Middlegen生成的Province.hbm.xml文件,修改后的內容如下:
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<?xml?version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE?hibernate-mapping?PUBLIC
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????"-//Hibernate/Hibernate?Mapping?DTD?2.0//EN"
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????"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd"?>
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????
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<hibernate-mapping>
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<!--?
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????Created?by?the?Middlegen?Hibernate?plugin?2.1
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????http://boss.bekk.no/boss/middlegen/
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????http://www.hibernate.org/
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-->
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<class?
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????name="com.xxx.hibernate.Province"?
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????table="Province"
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>
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????<meta?attribute="class-description"?inherit="false">
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???????@hibernate.class
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????????table="Province"
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????</meta>
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????<id
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????????name="guid"
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????????type="int"
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????????column="Guid"
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????>
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????????<meta?attribute="field-description">
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???????????@hibernate.id
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????????????generator-class="native"
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????????????type="int"
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????????????column="Guid"
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????????</meta>
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????????<generator?class="native"?/>
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????</id>
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????<property
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????????name="provincename"
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????????type="java.lang.String"
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????????column="Provincename"
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????????not-null="true"
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????????length="16"
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????>
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????????<meta?attribute="field-description">
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???????????@hibernate.property
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????????????column="Provincename"
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????????????length="16"
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????????????not-null="true"
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????????</meta>????
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????</property>
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????<!--?Associations?-->
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??
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????<!--?bi-directional?one-to-many?association?to?City?-->
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????<set
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????????name="cities"
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????????lazy="true"
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????????inverse="true"
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????????cascade="save-update"
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????>
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????????<meta?attribute="field-description">
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???????????@hibernate.set
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????????????lazy="true"
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????????????inverse="true"
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????????????cascade="save-update"
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???????????@hibernate.collection-key
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????????????column="ProvinceID"
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???????????@hibernate.collection-one-to-many
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????????????class="com.xxx.hibernate.City"
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????????</meta>
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????????<key>
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????????????<column?name="ProvinceID"?/>
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????????</key>
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????????<one-to-many?
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????????????class="com.xxx.hibernate.City"
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????????/>
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????</set>
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</class>
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</hibernate-mapping>
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??????set節點有以下屬性(摘自Hibernate文檔):
(1) | name 集合屬性的名稱 |
(2) | table (可選——默認為屬性的名稱)這個集合表的名稱(不能在一對多的關聯關系中使用) |
(3) | schema (可選) 表的schema的名稱, 他將覆蓋在根元素中定義的schema |
(4) | lazy (可選——默認為false) lazy(可選--默認為false) 允許延遲加載(lazy initialization )(不能在數組中使用) |
(5) | inverse (可選——默認為false) 標記這個集合作為雙向關聯關系中的方向一端。 |
(6) | cascade (可選——默認為none) 讓操作級聯到子實體 |
(7) | sort(可選)指定集合的排序順序, 其可以為自然的(natural)或者給定一個用來比較的類。 |
(8) | order-by (可選, 僅用于jdk1.4) 指定表的字段(一個或幾個)再加上asc或者desc(可選), 定義Map,Set和Bag的迭代順序 |
(9) | where (可選) 指定任意的SQL where條件, 該條件將在重新載入或者刪除這個集合時使用(當集合中的數據僅僅是所有可用數據的一個子集時這個條件非常有用) |
(10) | outer-join(可選)指定這個集合,只要可能,應該通過外連接(outer join)取得。在每一個SQL語句中, 只能有一個集合可以被通過外連接抓取(譯者注: 這里提到的SQL語句是取得集合所屬類的數據的Select語句) |
(11) | batch-size (可選, 默認為1) 指定通過延遲加載取得集合實例的批處理塊大小("batch size")。 |
(12) | access(可選-默認為屬性property):Hibernate取得屬性值時使用的策略 |
??????由于在建立外鍵的時候就聲明了ON DELETE CASCADE,所以在xml的配置文件中cascade聲明為save-update。如果聲明為all,那么在刪除Province表的數據時,會無謂的多出一條刪除City的delete語句出來,這將會影響程序的性能。
??????City.hbm.xml的內容如下:
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<?xml?version="1.0"?>
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<!DOCTYPE?hibernate-mapping?PUBLIC
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????"-//Hibernate/Hibernate?Mapping?DTD?2.0//EN"
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????"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-2.0.dtd"?>
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????
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<hibernate-mapping>
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<!--?
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????Created?by?the?Middlegen?Hibernate?plugin?2.1
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????http://boss.bekk.no/boss/middlegen/
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????http://www.hibernate.org/
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-->
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<class?
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????name="com.xxx.hibernate.City"?
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????table="City"
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>
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????<meta?attribute="class-description"?inherit="false">
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???????@hibernate.class
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????????table="City"
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????</meta>
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????<id
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????????name="guid"
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????????type="int"
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????????column="Guid"
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????>
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????????<meta?attribute="field-description">
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???????????@hibernate.id
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????????????generator-class="native"
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????????????type="int"
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????????????column="Guid"
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????????</meta>
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????????<generator?class="native"?/>
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????</id>
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????<property
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????????name="cityname"
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????????type="java.lang.String"
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????????column="Cityname"
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????????not-null="true"
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????????length="32"
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????>
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????????<meta?attribute="field-description">
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???????????@hibernate.property
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????????????column="Cityname"
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????????????length="32"
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????????????not-null="true"
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????????</meta>????
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????</property>
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????<!--?Associations?-->
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??
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????<!--?bi-directional?many-to-one?association?to?Province?-->
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????<many-to-one
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????????name="province"
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????????class="com.xxx.hibernate.Province"
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????????cascade="none"
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????????outer-join="auto"
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????????update="true"
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????????insert="true"
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????????access="property"
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????????not-null="true"
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????>
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????????<meta?attribute="field-description">
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???????????@hibernate.many-to-one
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????????????cascade="none"
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????????????outer-join="auto"
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????????????update="true"
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????????????insert="true"
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????????????access="property"
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????????????not-null="true"
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???????????@hibernate.column?name="ProvinceID"?????????
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????????</meta>
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????????<column?name="ProvinceID"?/>
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????</many-to-one>
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</class>
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</hibernate-mapping>
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??????many-to-one節點有以下屬性(摘自Hibernate文檔):
(1) | name: 屬性名。 |
(2) | column (可選): 字段名。 |
(3) | class (可選 - 默認是通過反射得到屬性類型): 關聯的類的名字。 |
(4) | cascade(級聯) (可選): 指明哪些操作會從父對象級聯到關聯的對象。 |
(5) | outer-join(外連接) (可選 - 默認為 自動): 當設置hibernate.use_outer_join的時候,對這個關聯允許外連接抓取。 |
(6) | update, insert (可選 - defaults to true) 指定對應的字段是否在用于UPDATE 和/或 INSERT的SQL語句中包含。如果二者都是false,則這是一個純粹的“外源性(derived)”關聯,它的值是通過映射到同一個(或多個)字段的某些其他屬性得到的,或者通過trigger(除法器),或者是其他程序。 |
(7) | property-ref: (可選) 指定關聯類的一個屬性,這個屬性將會和本外鍵相對應。如果沒有指定,會使用對方關聯類的主鍵。 |
(8) | access (可選 - 默認是 property): Hibernate用來訪問屬性的策略。 |
cascade 屬性允許下列值: all, save-update, delete, none。設置除了none以外的其它值會傳播特定的操作到關聯的(子)對象中。參見后面的“Lifecycle Objects(自動管理生命周期的對象)”。
outer-join參數允許下列三個不同值:
??????用hbm2java生成對應的對應的Java類:hbm2java *.xml --output=xxx。
??????Hibernate的配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml內容如下:
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<?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE?hibernate-configuration
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????PUBLIC?"-//Hibernate/Hibernate?Configuration?DTD//EN"
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????"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-2.0.dtd">
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<hibernate-configuration>
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????<session-factory>
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????????<!--?local?connection?properties?-->
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????????<property?name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1/xxx?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true</property>
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????????<property?name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
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????????<property?name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
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????????<property?name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property>
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????????<!--?property?name="hibernate.connection.pool_size"></property?-->
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????????<!--?dialect?for?MySQL?-->
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????????<property?name="dialect">net.sf.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
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????????<property?name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
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????????<property?name="hibernate.use_outer_join">true</property>
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????????<property?name="hibernate.transaction.factory_class">net.sf.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransactionFactory</property>
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????????
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????????<mapping?resource="com/xxx/hibernate/City.hbm.xml"/>
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????????<mapping?resource="com/xxx/hibernate/Province.hbm.xml"/>
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????</session-factory>
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</hibernate-configuration> ??????JUnit的測試用例程序片斷如下:
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????public?void?testInsert()?
{
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????????try?
{
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????????????Province?province?=?new?Province();
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????????????province.setProvincename("廣東");
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????????????
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????????????City?city?=?new?City();
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????????????city.setCityname("深圳");
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????????????
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????????????city.setProvince(province);
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????????????province.setCities(new?HashSet());
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????????????province.getCities().add(city);
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????????????
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????????????Transaction?tx?=?session.beginTransaction();
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????????????session.save(province);
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????????????tx.commit();
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????????}?catch?(HibernateException?e)?
{
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????????????e.printStackTrace();
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????????}?catch?(Exception?ex)?
{
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????????????ex.printStackTrace();
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????????}
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????}
posted on 2007-01-23 09:35
???MengChuChen 閱讀(486)
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