OOD實(shí)例閱讀筆記(二)
Use case 圖包括的內(nèi)容
Use case圖是用于需求分析的工具。他和實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)。他的目的寫出特定情況下的需求。
首先就是要有一定的場(chǎng)景。場(chǎng)景包括特定的環(huán)境（case 發(fā)生的條件），參與的人（action）和系統(tǒng)所做的響應(yīng)。
一般情況下回采用黑箱的use
case（blak – box
use case）。黑箱的use case不關(guān)心具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)。只是確定系統(tǒng)的責(zé)任。
下面就提供一個(gè)use
case的描述。
USE
CASE 5
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Buy Goods
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Goal
in Context
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Buyer issues request directly to our
company, expects goods shipped and to be billed.
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Scope
& Level
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Company, Summary
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Preconditions
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We know Buyer, their address, etc.
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Success
End Condition
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Buyer has goods, we have money for the
goods.
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Failed
End Condition
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We have not sent the goods, Buyer has not
spent the money.
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Primary,
Secondary
Actors
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Buyer, any agent (or computer) acting for
the customer.
Credit card company, bank, shipping
service
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Trigger
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purchase request comes in.
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DESCRIPTION
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Step
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Action
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1
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Buyer calls in with a purchase request
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2
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Company captures buyer’s name, address,
requested goods, etc.
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3
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Company gives buyer information on goods,
prices, delivery dates, etc.
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4
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Buyer signs for order.
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5
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Company creates order, ships order to
buyer.
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6
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Company ships invoice to buyer.
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7
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Buyers pays invoice.
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EXTENSIONS
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Step
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Branching
Action
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3a
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Company is out of one of the ordered
items:
3a1.
Renegotiate order.
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4a
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Buyer pays directly with credit card:
4a1.
Take payment by credit card (use case 44)
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7a
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Buyer returns goods:
7a.
Handle returned goods (use case 105)
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SUB-VARIATIONS
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Branching
Action
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1
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Buyer may use
phone
in,
fax
in,
use
web order form,
electronic
interchange
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7
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Buyer may pay by
cash
or money order
check
credit
card
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RELATED
INFORMATION
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5. Buy Goods
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Priority:
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top
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Performance
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5 minutes for order, 45 days until paid
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Frequency
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200/day
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Channel
to actors
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not yet determined
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OPEN
ISSUES
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What if we have part of the order?
What is credit card is stolen?
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Due
Date
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release 1.0
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...any
other
management
information...
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Superordinates
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Manage customer relationship (use case 2)
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Subordinates
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Create order (use case 15)
Take payment by credit card (use case 44)
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這個(gè)例子是http://alistair.cockburn.us/usecases/usecases.html
中的template的一個(gè)很整是的例子。
下面我在舉一個(gè)修改密碼的case.
Change Password
該case在用戶選這修改密碼是觸發(fā)。Check輸入的兩個(gè)密碼是否相同。Check當(dāng)前用戶然后更新數(shù)據(jù)庫。
Purpose
允許用戶修改自己的密碼。
Overview
這個(gè)case是為了給用戶提供修改密碼的可能。用戶可以通過點(diǎn)擊“Change My Pasword”菜單項(xiàng)來觸發(fā)。系統(tǒng)會(huì)彈出一個(gè)對(duì)話框供用戶輸入他的新密碼。用戶可以按“OK”或“Cancel”來選擇保存或放棄修改。系統(tǒng)這時(shí)會(huì)檢驗(yàn)用戶輸入的信息是否正確。如果用戶輸入正確，保存用戶信息，返回主窗體。否則給用戶重來的機(jī)會(huì)。
Typical Course of Events
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Line
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Actor Action
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System Response
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1
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用戶點(diǎn)擊”Chang My Password”菜單項(xiàng)。
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2
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系統(tǒng)顯示一個(gè)可以讓用戶輸入新密碼和Comfirm的對(duì)話框。
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3
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用戶輸入信息并點(diǎn)擊”O(jiān)K”按鈕.
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4
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系統(tǒng)Check輸入的信息。
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5
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把用戶輸入的信息更新到數(shù)據(jù)庫。
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6
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關(guān)閉對(duì)話框。顯示修改成功或失敗的提示信息。結(jié)束當(dāng)前case.
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Alternative courses
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3
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用戶不點(diǎn)”O(jiān)K”而點(diǎn)擊”Cancel”。關(guān)閉對(duì)話框，結(jié)束該case.
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4
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系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測(cè)到下列三種情況的一個(gè)：（1）舊的密碼不正確。（2）兩次輸入的新密碼不相同。（3）新密碼格式不正確。系統(tǒng)顯示一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤信息。清除當(dāng)前對(duì)話框中的內(nèi)容。允許用戶重試。返回到第3步。
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5
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系統(tǒng)保存出錯(cuò)。顯示錯(cuò)誤信息。結(jié)束當(dāng)前case.
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