官方文檔 : http://www.mchange.com/projects/c3p0/index.html

<c3p0-config>
<default-config>
<!--當(dāng)連接池中的連接耗盡的時(shí)候c3p0一次同時(shí)獲取的連接數(shù)。Default: 3 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement">3</property>

<!--定義在從數(shù)據(jù)庫獲取新連接失敗后重復(fù)嘗試的次數(shù)。Default: 30 -->
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts">30</property>

<!--兩次連接中間隔時(shí)間，單位毫秒。Default: 1000 -->
<property name="acquireRetryDelay">1000</property>

<!--連接關(guān)閉時(shí)默認(rèn)將所有未提交的操作回滾。Default: false -->
<property name="autoCommitOnClose">false</property>

<!--c3p0將建一張名為Test的空表，并使用其自帶的查詢語句進(jìn)行測(cè)試。如果定義了這個(gè)參數(shù)那么
屬性preferredTestQuery將被忽略。你不能在這張Test表上進(jìn)行任何操作，它將只供c3p0測(cè)試
使用。Default: null-->
<property name="automaticTestTable">Test</property>

<!--獲取連接失敗將會(huì)引起所有等待連接池來獲取連接的線程拋出異常。但是數(shù)據(jù)源仍有效
保留，并在下次調(diào)用getConnection()的時(shí)候繼續(xù)嘗試獲取連接。如果設(shè)為true，那么在嘗試
獲取連接失敗后該數(shù)據(jù)源將申明已斷開并永久關(guān)閉。Default: false-->
<property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure">false</property>

<!--當(dāng)連接池用完時(shí)客戶端調(diào)用getConnection()后等待獲取新連接的時(shí)間，超時(shí)后將拋出
SQLException,如設(shè)為0則無限期等待。單位毫秒。Default: 0 -->
<property name="checkoutTimeout">100</property>

<!--通過實(shí)現(xiàn)ConnectionTester或QueryConnectionTester的類來 測(cè)試連接。類名需制定全路徑。
Default: com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester-->
<property name="connectionTesterClassName"></property>

<!--指定c3p0 libraries的路徑，如果（通常都是這樣）在本地即可獲得那么無需設(shè)置，默認(rèn)null即可
Default: null-->
<property name="factoryClassLocation">null</property>

<!--Strongly disrecommended. Setting this to true may lead to subtle and bizarre bugs.
（文檔原文）作者強(qiáng)烈建議不使用的一個(gè)屬性-->
<property name="forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions">false</property>

<!--每60秒檢查所有連接池中的空閑連接。Default: 0 -->
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod">60</property>

<!--初始化時(shí)獲取三個(gè)連接，取值應(yīng)在minPoolSize與maxPoolSize之間。Default: 3 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize">3</property>

<!--最大空閑時(shí)間,60秒內(nèi)未使用則連接被丟棄。若為0則永不丟棄。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxIdleTime">60</property>

<!--連接池中保留的最大連接數(shù)。Default: 15 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize">15</property>

<!--JDBC的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參數(shù)，用以控制數(shù)據(jù)源內(nèi)加載的PreparedStatements數(shù)量。但由于預(yù)緩存的statements
屬于單個(gè)connection而不是整個(gè)連接池。所以設(shè)置這個(gè)參數(shù)需要考慮到多方面的因素。
如果maxStatements與maxStatementsPerConnection均為0，則緩存被關(guān)閉。Default: 0-->
<property name="maxStatements">100</property>

<!--maxStatementsPerConnection定義了連接池內(nèi)單個(gè)連接所擁有的最大緩存statements數(shù)。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxStatementsPerConnection"></property>

<!--c3p0是異步操作的，緩慢的JDBC操作通過幫助進(jìn)程完成。擴(kuò)展這些操作可以有效的提升性能
通過多線程實(shí)現(xiàn)多個(gè)操作同時(shí)被執(zhí)行。Default: 3-->
<property name="numHelperThreads">3</property>

<!--當(dāng)用戶調(diào)用getConnection()時(shí)使root用戶成為去獲取連接的用戶。主要用于連接池連接非c3p0
的數(shù)據(jù)源時(shí)。Default: null-->
<property name="overrideDefaultUser">root</property>

<!--與overrideDefaultUser參數(shù)對(duì)應(yīng)使用的一個(gè)參數(shù)。Default: null-->
<property name="overrideDefaultPassword">password</property>

<!--密碼。Default: null-->
<property name="password"></property>

<!--定義所有連接測(cè)試都執(zhí)行的測(cè)試語句。在使用連接測(cè)試的情況下這個(gè)一顯著提高測(cè)試速度。注意：
測(cè)試的表必須在初始數(shù)據(jù)源的時(shí)候就存在。Default: null-->
<property name="preferredTestQuery">select id from test where id=1</property>

<!--用戶修改系統(tǒng)配置參數(shù)執(zhí)行前最多等待300秒。Default: 300 -->
<property name="propertyCycle">300</property>

<!--因性能消耗大請(qǐng)只在需要的時(shí)候使用它。如果設(shè)為true那么在每個(gè)connection提交的
時(shí)候都將校驗(yàn)其有效性。建議使用idleConnectionTestPeriod或automaticTestTable
等方法來提升連接測(cè)試的性能。Default: false -->
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckout">false</property>

<!--如果設(shè)為true那么在取得連接的同時(shí)將校驗(yàn)連接的有效性。Default: false -->
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckin">true</property>

<!--用戶名。Default: null-->
<property name="user">root</property>

<!--早期的c3p0版本對(duì)JDBC接口采用動(dòng)態(tài)反射代理。在早期版本用途廣泛的情況下這個(gè)參數(shù)
允許用戶恢復(fù)到動(dòng)態(tài)反射代理以解決不穩(wěn)定的故障。最新的非反射代理更快并且已經(jīng)開始
廣泛的被使用，所以這個(gè)參數(shù)未必有用。現(xiàn)在原先的動(dòng)態(tài)反射與新的非反射代理同時(shí)受到
支持，但今后可能的版本可能不支持動(dòng)態(tài)反射代理。Default: false-->
<property name="usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies">false</property>

<property name="automaticTestTable">con_test</property>
<property name="checkoutTimeout">30000</property>
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod">30</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">10</property>
<property name="maxIdleTime">30</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">25</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">10</property>
<property name="maxStatements">0</property>
<user-overrides user="swaldman">
</user-overrides>
</default-config>
<named-config name="dumbTestConfig">
<property name="maxStatements">200</property>
<user-overrides user="poop">
<property name="maxStatements">300</property>
</user-overrides>
</named-config>
</c3p0-config>


轉(zhuǎn)：http://www.wujianrong.com/archives/2007/08/c3p0.html

解決MYSQL 8小時(shí)問題

最近的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目在Hibernate使用C3P0的連接池，數(shù)據(jù)庫為Mysql。開發(fā)測(cè)試沒有問題，在運(yùn)行中每個(gè)一段長(zhǎng)的空閑時(shí)間就出現(xiàn)異常:

查看了Mysql的文檔，以及Connector/J的文檔以及在線說明發(fā)現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)這種異常的原因是：

Mysql服務(wù)器默認(rèn)的“wait_timeout”是8小時(shí)，也就是說一個(gè)connection空閑超過8個(gè)小時(shí)，Mysql將自動(dòng)斷開該 connection。這就是問題的所在，在C3P0 pools中的connections如果空閑超過8小時(shí)，Mysql將其斷開，而C3P0并不知道該connection已經(jīng)失效，如果這時(shí)有 Client請(qǐng)求connection，C3P0將該失效的Connection提供給Client，將會(huì)造成上面的異常。

解決的方法有3種：

1. 增加wait_timeout的時(shí)間。
2. 減少Connection pools中connection的lifetime。
3. 測(cè)試Connection pools中connection的有效性。

當(dāng)然最好的辦法是同時(shí)綜合使用上述3種方法，下面就DBCP和C3P0分別做一說明，假設(shè)wait_timeout為默認(rèn)的8小時(shí)

DBCP增加以下配置信息:

C3P0增加以下配置信息:

更多的配置信息大家可以查看C3P0文檔，Connector/J文檔，以及DBCP的文檔。

轉(zhuǎn): http://www.javaeye.com/article/38506

我自己的配置:

jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl = jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.user = root
jdbc.password = 12345
jdbc.miniPoolSize = 1
jdbc.maxPoolSize = 20
jdbc.initialPoolSize = 1
jdbc.maxIdleTime = 25000
jdbc.acquireIncrement = 1

jdbc.acquireRetryAttempts = 30
jdbc.acquireRetryDelay = 1000
jdbc.testConnectionOnCheckin = true
jdbc.automaticTestTable = c3p0TestTable
jdbc.idleConnectionTestPeriod = 18000
jdbc.checkoutTimeout=3000

<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
   <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" />
   <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" />
   <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" />
   <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
   <property name="minPoolSize" value="${jdbc.miniPoolSize}" />
   <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"/>  
   <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initialPoolSize}"/>
   <property name="maxIdleTime" value="${jdbc.maxIdleTime}"/>
   <property name="acquireIncrement" value="${jdbc.acquireIncrement}"/>
  
   <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="${jdbc.acquireRetryAttempts}"/>
   <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="${jdbc.acquireRetryDelay}"/>
   <property name="testConnectionOnCheckin" value="${jdbc.testConnectionOnCheckin}"/>
   <property name="automaticTestTable" value="${jdbc.automaticTestTable}"/>
   <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="${jdbc.idleConnectionTestPeriod}"/>
   <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="${jdbc.checkoutTimeout}"/>

</bean>

+++++++++++

報(bào)錯(cuò)誤：
APPARENT DEADLOCK!!! Creating emergency threads for unassigned pending tasks!

一般設(shè)置maxStatements=0解決該問題
但是：
把max_statements設(shè)置為0。
c3p0在同時(shí)關(guān)閉statement和connection的時(shí)候，或者關(guān)閉他們之間的時(shí)間很短的時(shí)候，有時(shí)候connection并沒有被關(guān)閉，因?yàn)橛行﹑reparedstatement還在被cached住。這是c3p0的作者自己說的。
http://forum.hibernate.org/viewtopic.php?t=947246&highlight=apparent+deadlock+c3p0

C3P0增加以下配置信息:


//set to 'SELECT 1'      
preferredTestQuery = 'SELECT 1'    
//set to something much less than wait_timeout, prevents connections from going stale   
idleConnectionTestPeriod = 18000     
//set to something slightly less than wait_timeout, preventing 'stale' connections from being handed out   
maxIdleTime = 25000    
//if you can take the performance 'hit', set to "true"   
testConnectionOnCheckout = true    



A c3p0 pool with the settings you have should recover from a database reset, but that doesn't mean you will never see an Exception. Stale Connections from the old database session will still be broken, and if those Connections have already been checked out, or if they are in the pool and not tested on checkout, the application will see the broken Connection, in the form of an Exception.

You can use c3p0 to minimize the likelihood that your application will see a stale Connection on database shutdown/restart. The most reliable means of preventing this is to set hibernate.c3p0.validate to true (in a hibernate application -- all other c3p0 apps should use the c3p0-native property c3p0.testConnectionOnCheckout). If you set this property to true, c3p0 will test Connections prior to checkout, and your app will never see a stale Connection on database restart unless the Connection had already been checked out when the database went down.

Another less reliable, but potentially less expensive, strategy is to set c3p0.testConnectionsOnCheckin and hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period (c3p0-native c3p0.idleConnectionTestPeriod) to a low value, in which case all connection tests are asynchronous and you are guanteed that no Connection will be checked out that hasn't been tested in the last idle_test_period seconds. Thus, your app will only see broken Connections from the pool if Connections are checked out during a short window of time.

In either case, I recommend setting "c3p0.preferredTestQuery " or "c3p0.automaticTestTable" in your c3p0 properties file, as c3p0's default Connection test is often slow.

See "Configuring Connection Testing" in c3p0's docs for more information.



在 使用c3p0作為連接池時(shí)，其中的一些配置參數(shù)需要修改。主要是maxIdleTime和idleConnectionTestPeriod。 MySQL默認(rèn)是8小時(shí)（28800秒）后自動(dòng)關(guān)閉已打開的連接，所以c3p0要在8小時(shí)內(nèi)關(guān)閉不使用的連接，上面的2參數(shù)要小于28800秒。附上在 hibernate中配置c3p0的關(guān)鍵字。

c3p0-native property name hibernate configuration key
c3p0.acquireIncrement hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment
c3p0.idleConnectionTestPeriod hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period
c3p0.initialPoolSize not available -- uses minimum size
c3p0.maxIdleTime hibernate.c3p0.timeout
c3p0.maxPoolSize hibernate.c3p0.max_size
c3p0.maxStatements hibernate.c3p0.max_statements
c3p0.minPoolSize hibernate.c3p0.min_size

轉(zhuǎn)載自：http://handawei.javaeye.com/blog/651046