在Struts1.1-1.2中如果不想沒有登錄的用戶訪問一些action，可以擴展RequestProcessor，并重載processProprocess方法，在其中進行驗證

public class CustomRequestProcessor
        extends RequestProcessor {
    protected boolean processPreprocess (
            HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) {
        HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
        //If user is trying to access login page
        // then don't check
        if( request.getServletPath().equals("/loginInput.do")
            || request.getServletPath().equals("/login.do") )
            return true;
        //Check if userName attribute is there is session.
        //If so, it means user has allready logged in
        if( session != null &&
        session.getAttribute("userName") != null)
            return true;
        else{
            try{
                //If no redirect user to login Page
                request.getRequestDispatcher 
                    ("/Login.jsp").forward(request,response);
            }catch(Exception ex){
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

相應的，在struts-config.xml中加入controller元素

<controller>
 <set-property  property="processorClass"
 value="com.sample.util.CustomRequestProcessor"/>
</controller>

但剛才看到在Struts1.3中，已經不再使用RequestProcessor，而是用ComposableRequestProcessor 來實現自定義的request響應。

三個@Entity類Tc, Tracer, Track是三向關聯的的表, @Embeddable類TcTracer則存儲著三個表的ForeignKey

@Entity
@Table(name= "tc", catalog="first_hiber")
public class Tc {
      @org.hibernate.annotations.CollectionOfElements
      @JoinTable(name="tc_tracer", joinColumns=@JoinColumn(name="tc_id"))
      private Set<TcTracer> tcTracers = new HashSet<TcTracer>();

      @Id @GeneratedValue
      @Column(name="tc_id", nullable= false)
      private Long id;
}

  @Embeddable
  @Table(name="tc_tracer")
  public class TcTracer {
      @org.hibernate.annotations.Parent
      private Tc tc;
  
      @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
      @JoinColumn(name="tracer_id", nullable=false, updatable=false)
      private Tracer tracer;
  
      @ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)
      @JoinColumn(name="track_id", nullable=false, updatable=false)
      private Track track;
  }

如上，將TcTracer作為Tc的子元素，從而實現Tc的三相關聯。

用HQL可以通過特定的Tc，Tracer得到對應的所有Track：

  select tctracers.track
  from Tc tc
      join tc.tcTracers tctracers
  where tc.name="tc name"
      and tctracers.tracer.name="tracer name"

 List<Track> tracks = session.createQuery(HQL).list();