我在5月25號(hào)的的blog:
如何思考Design Pattern?中，轉(zhuǎn)載了Eric Gamma對(duì)于Design Pattern 的論述（這是
Artima Developer的總編 Bill Venners對(duì)Erich Gamma的采訪中的
第一部分）。而第二部分中，Bill 和 Eric 則討論了重用性的重要性 （importance of reusability）。
重用的最高境界是什么？我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)非常高層的，面向具體應(yīng)用的框架，然后只要做簡(jiǎn)單的客戶化，并且重用這個(gè)框架中現(xiàn)有的設(shè)計(jì)。（“We thought the way to create software was to build high-level, domain-specific frameworks, and then you just customize them and reuse all the design that is codified into them. That was the reuse nirvana.”）但是，連Eric都意識(shí)到，這太理想化了，因?yàn)?“ I have learned that it's hard to create highly reusable frameworks.”
在談到可重用的framework的時(shí)候，Eric提到了Eclipse:
“A good example of how I like to see reuse at work is Eclipse. It's built of components we call plug-ins. A plug-in bundles your code and there is a separate manifest where you define which other plug-ins you extend and which points of extension your plug-in offers. Plug-ins provide reusable code following explicit conventions to separate API from internal code. The Eclipse component model is simple and consistent too. It has this kernel characteristic. Eclipse has a small kernel, and everything is done the same way via extension points. The combination of a component model and the focus on APIs is one of the key ingredients of Eclipse. Controlled extensibility is another important one. （Eclipse是構(gòu)構(gòu)建在我們稱之為plug-in的組件上面的。一個(gè)plug-in含有你的代碼，而且詳細(xì)定義了你從哪些其他的plug-in擴(kuò)展而來，以及你的plug-in提供了哪些擴(kuò)展點(diǎn)給別人使用。Plug-in提供了可重用的代碼，而且遵循將API和內(nèi)部的代碼分離開。同時(shí)，Eclipse的組件模式簡(jiǎn)單而且一致。Eclipse只有一個(gè)很小的核心，所有其他的都市通過擴(kuò)展點(diǎn)這種同樣的方式來做的。Eclipse中的一個(gè)重要組成部分就是組件模型和面向API的方式的結(jié)合。另一個(gè)重要點(diǎn)則是受到控制的擴(kuò)展性。）”
那么，什么又是Controlled extensibility呢？為什么要對(duì)擴(kuò)展性進(jìn)行控制呢？
“You can go and expose everything, and people can change anything. The original Smalltalks had some of this flavor. The problems start when the next version comes along. If you have exposed everything, you cannot change anything or you break all your clients. … Also when you study the Eclipse API you will find that we go further than just specifying which classes are published API. The Eclipse API also specifies whether a class is intended to be subclassed. （你可以把一切都公布出來，SmallTalk就是這樣做的。但是，當(dāng)下一個(gè)版本出來的時(shí)候，可能就會(huì)碰到問題。如果你公布了一切，那么你就不能做改動(dòng)了，活著你可能會(huì)破壞你的客戶端使用的東西….在Eclipse里面，我們不僅僅定義了哪些類是公開的API，我們處理得更深層次，我們甚至定義了哪些API是可以被擴(kuò)展的，哪些不可以。”
Eric對(duì)于重用，定義了三個(gè)級(jí)別：最低一級(jí)，重用類（classes）；最高一級(jí)，框架（framework）；而中間一級(jí)，就是設(shè)計(jì)模式（Design Pattern）（“This is where I see patterns. Design patterns are both smaller and more abstract than frameworks. They're really a description about how a couple of classes can relate to each other and interact with each other. The level of reuse increases when you move from classes to patterns and finally frameworks. ”
Eric提到了一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象。通常，我們拿到一個(gè)需求，會(huì)先做設(shè)計(jì)，做設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)使用設(shè)計(jì)模式（Design Pattern）。但是，使用XP （eXtreme Programming）方式的人不這樣做，他們先寫測(cè)試（“They write a test”）
那么，設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)framework的時(shí)候，要注意什么呢？要避免frameworkitis. （“ Frameworks abstract and provide higher level default functionality. To do so the framework needs to be in control. This loss of control can lead to what is sometimes called frameworkitis. ”）
Frameworkitis就是說，一個(gè)framework想要做的東西太多，或者它并不是按照你設(shè)想的做的而你又不能去改動(dòng)它。（“Frameworkitis is the disease that a framework wants to do too much for you or it does it in a way that you don't want but you can't change it.”）
而且，一個(gè)framework要做的比較小，因?yàn)椋绻鹒ramework太大了，那么它可能就會(huì)做太多（可能會(huì)frameworkitis），而且，不容易學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)曲線太長，也不容易維護(hù)。
Eria的論述真是非常精彩，而且也解釋了Eclipse的一些內(nèi)部設(shè)計(jì)。一定要閱讀全文
[Update] 感謝lxwde的中文翻譯。我的中文翻譯可能不完全準(zhǔn)確。中文翻譯，請(qǐng)參考Related Links中給出的lxwde的中文翻譯鏈接。
Artima developer
訪談的第一部分
如何思考Design Pattern?
CSDN上的中文翻譯
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Software，Design Pattern，Eclipse 
Programming, Eclipse