我們知道,在關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中有四個(gè)事務(wù)隔離級(jí)別:
未提交讀(Read Uncommitted):允許臟讀,也就是可能讀取到其他會(huì)話中未提交事務(wù)修改的數(shù)據(jù)
提交讀(Read Committed):只能讀取到已經(jīng)提交的數(shù)據(jù)。Oracle等多數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫默認(rèn)都是該級(jí)別
可重復(fù)讀(Repeated Read):可重復(fù)讀。在同一個(gè)事務(wù)內(nèi)的查詢都是事務(wù)開始時(shí)刻一致的,InnoDB默認(rèn)級(jí)別。在SQL標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,該隔離級(jí)別消除了不可重復(fù)讀,但是還存在幻象讀
串行讀(Serializable):完全串行化的讀,每次讀都需要獲得表級(jí)共享鎖,讀寫相互都會(huì)阻塞
查看InnoDB系統(tǒng)級(jí)別的事務(wù)隔離級(jí)別:
mysql> SELECT @@global.tx_isolation;
+-----------------------+
| @@global.tx_isolation |
+-----------------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看InnoDB會(huì)話級(jí)別的事務(wù)隔離級(jí)別:
mysql> SELECT @@tx_isolation;
+-----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+-----------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
修改事務(wù)隔離級(jí)別:
mysql> set global transaction isolation level read committed;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set session transaction isolation level read committed;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
InnoDB的可重復(fù)讀隔離級(jí)別和其他數(shù)據(jù)庫的可重復(fù)讀是有區(qū)別的,不會(huì)造成幻象讀(phantom read),所謂幻象讀,就是同一個(gè)事務(wù)內(nèi),多次select,可以讀取到其他session insert并已經(jīng)commit的數(shù)據(jù)。下面是一個(gè)小的測(cè)試,證明InnoDB的可重復(fù)讀隔離級(jí)別不會(huì)造成幻象讀。測(cè)試涉及兩個(gè)session,分別為session 1和session 2,隔離級(jí)別都是repeateable read,關(guān)閉autocommit
mysql> select @@tx_isolation;
+-----------------+
| @@tx_isolation |
+-----------------+
| REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set autocommit=off;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
session 1 創(chuàng)建表并插入測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)
mysql> create table test(i int) engine=innodb;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into test values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
session 2 查詢,沒有數(shù)據(jù),正常,session1沒有提交,不允許臟讀
mysql> select * from test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
session 1 提交事務(wù)
mysql> commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
session 2 查詢,還是沒有數(shù)據(jù),沒有產(chǎn)生幻象讀
mysql> select * from test;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
以上試驗(yàn)版本:
mysql> select version();
+-------------------------+
| version() |
+-------------------------+
| 5.0.37-community-nt-log |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--EOF--
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