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    Objective-C NSString formatting

    The format specifiers supported by the NSString formatting methods and CFString formatting
    functions follow the IEEE printf specification; the specifiers are summarized in Table 1.
    Note that you can also use the “n$” positional specifiers such as %1$@ %2$s.
    For more details, see the IEEE printf specification. You can also use these format specifiers with the NSLog function.

    Table 1 Format specifiers supported by the NSString formatting methods and CFString formatting functions
    定義說明
    %@Objective-C object, printed as the string returned by descriptionWithLocale: if available, or description otherwise. Also works with CFTypeRef objects, returning the result of the CFCopyDescription function.
    %%‘%’ character
    %d, %D, %iSigned 32-bit integer (int)
    %u, %UUnsigned 32-bit integer (unsigned int)
    %hiSigned 16-bit integer (short)
    %huUnsigned 16-bit integer (unsigned short)
    %qiSigned 64-bit integer (long long)
    %quUnsigned 64-bit integer (unsigned long long)
    %xUnsigned 32-bit integer (unsigned int), printed in hexadecimal using the digits 0–9 and lowercase a–f
    %XUnsigned 32-bit integer (unsigned int), printed in hexadecimal using the digits 0–9 and uppercase A–F
    %qxUnsigned 64-bit integer (unsigned long long), printed in hexadecimal using the digits 0–9 and lowercase a–f
    %qXUnsigned 64-bit integer (unsigned long long), printed in hexadecimal using the digits 0–9 and uppercase A–F
    %o, %OUnsigned 32-bit integer (unsigned int), printed in octal
    %f64-bit floating-point number (double)
    %e64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in scientific notation using a lowercase e to introduce the exponent
    %E64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in scientific notation using an uppercase E to introduce the exponent
    %g64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in the style of %e if the exponent is less than –4 or greater than or equal to the precision, in the style of %f otherwise
    %G64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in the style of %E if the exponent is less than –4 or greater than or equal to the precision, in the style of %f otherwise
    %c8-bit unsigned character (unsigned char), printed by NSLog() as an ASCII character, or, if not an ASCII character, in the octal format \\ddd or the Unicode hexadecimal format \\udddd, where d is a digit
    %C16-bit Unicode character (unichar), printed by NSLog() as an ASCII character, or, if not an ASCII character, in the octal format \\ddd or the Unicode hexadecimal format \\udddd, where d is a digit
    %sNull-terminated array of 8-bit unsigned characters. %s interprets its input in the system encoding rather than, for example, UTF-8.
    %SNull-terminated array of 16-bit Unicode characters
    %pVoid pointer (void *), printed in hexadecimal with the digits 0–9 and lowercase a–f, with a leading 0x
    %LLength modifier specifying that a following a, A, e, E, f, F, g, or G conversion specifier applies to a long double argument
    %a64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in scientific notation with a leading 0x and one hexadecimal digit before the decimal point using a lowercase p to introduce the exponent
    %A64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in scientific notation with a leading 0X and one hexadecimal digit before the decimal point using a uppercase P to introduce the exponent
    %F64-bit floating-point number (double), printed in decimal notation
    %zLength modifier specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion specifier applies to a size_t or the corresponding signed integer type argument
    %tLength modifier specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion specifier applies to a ptrdiff_t or the corresponding unsigned integer type argument
    %jLength modifier specifying that a following d, i, o, u, x, or X conversion specifier applies to a intmax_t or uintmax_t argument


    Mac OS X uses several data types—NSInteger, NSUInteger,CGFloat, and CFIndex—to provide a
    consistent means of representing values in 32- and 64-bit environments. In a 32-bit environment,
    NSInteger and NSUInteger are defined as int and unsigned int, respectively. In 64-bit environments,
    NSInteger and NSUInteger are defined as long and unsigned long, respectively. To avoid the need to
    use different printf-style type specifiers depending on the platform, you can use the specifiers shown
    in Table 2. Note that in some cases you may have to cast the value.

    Table 2 Format specifiers for data types
    類型定義建議
    NSInteger%ld or %lxCast the value to long
    NSUInteger%lu or %lxCast the value to unsigned long
    CGFloat%f or %g%f works for floats and doubles when formatting; but see below warning when scanning
    CFIndex%ld or %lxThe same as NSInteger
    pointer%p%p adds 0x to the beginning of the output. If you don’t want that, use %lx and cast to long.
    long long%lld or %llxlong long is 64-bit on both 32- and 64-bit platforms
    unsigned long long%llu or %llxunsigned long long is 64-bit on both 32- and 64-bit platforms

    The following example illustrates the use of %ld to format an NSInteger and the use of a cast.

    1
    2
    NSInteger i = 42;
    printf("%ld\n", (long)i);

    In addition to the considerations mentioned in Table 2, there is one extra case with scanning:
    you must distinguish the types for float and double. You should use %f for float, %lf for double.
    If you need to use scanf (or a variant thereof) with CGFloat, switch to double instead, and copy the double to CGFloat.

    1
    2
    3
    4
    CGFloat imageWidth;
    double tmp;
    sscanf (str, "%lf", &amp;tmp);
    imageWidth = tmp;

    It is important to remember that %lf does not represent CGFloat correctly on either 32- or 64-bit platforms.
    This is unlike %ld, which works for long in all cases.





    posted on 2012-03-04 00:27 gembin 閱讀(1074) 評論(0)  編輯  收藏 所屬分類: Objective-C


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