STRUTS
1.在WEB-INF中需要的配置(主要是實例化ActionServlet---struts-config.xml)
a. 如果標簽不能識別:<jsp-config>
<taglib> <taglib-uri>http://java.sun.com/jstl/core</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/c.tld</taglib-location> </taglib>
b.配置歡迎頁面: <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>/logon.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
c.ActonServlet主要配置: <servlet> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param> <param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value></init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
2.struts-config.xml配置:(主要為中央處理器建立關聯)
a. <action-mappings > <action
path="/logon" scope="request" type="mypack.action.LogonAction"
attribute="logonForm" name="logonForm" input="/logon.jsp">
<forward name="show" path="/AddAssociate.jsp" />
<forward name="failure" path="/logon.jsp" /> </action>
b.<form-beans >
<form-bean name="logonForm" type="mypack.struts.form.LogonForm" /> </form-beans>
c.resource文件:<message-resources parameter="mypack.struts.ApplicationResources" />
3.通過ActionForm的validate方法若驗證通過才創建action實例:
public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,HttpServletRequest request) {
ActionErrors errors=new ActionErrors();if(userName==null){ //ActionMessage為父類
errors.add(“contant”,new ActionMessage(“resource.key”));//ActionErrors唯一方法
return errors;}
ActionErrors為ActionMessages子類,其add方法必須為ActionError,但1.2采用ActionMessage
4.雖然ActionServlet只有一個,但是通過配置組件ModuleConfig來創建具體子模塊處理器RequestProcessor,由Action負責處理具體業務并通過ActionForward返回合適的結果.
如: public class LogonAction extends Action {
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
LogonForm logonForm = (LogonForm) form; ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
ActionForward forward = new ActionForward();
String userName = (String) (logonForm.getUserName()); if (!(userName.equals("admin"))
errors.add(ActionErrors.GLOBAL_MESSAGE, new ActionError("logonagain"));
if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
saveErrors(request, errors); // saveErrors方法(request,errors必為ActionErrors)
forward = mapping.findForward("failure");}
else { HttpSession session = request.getSession();
session.setAttribute("user", userName);forward = mapping.findForward("show");}
return forward; }}
5.DAO訪問數據庫的模型:
a.public class ConnectDB { public static Connection getConnection(){
Connection conn=null;try{ Class.forName(driver);
conn=DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();} return conn; }}
b.因為ActionForm中的數據生命周期只能到Action,于是只有通過action繼續傳遞
AssociateForm associateForm = (AssociateForm) form;
String associateId=associateForm.getAssociateId();
String name=associateForm.getName();AssociateDao associateDao=new AssociateDao();
associateDao.addAssociateDao(associateId,name);將參數傳遞到DAO
c.在DAO中插入數據: public void addAssociateDao(String associateId,String name) { Connection conn=ConnectDB.getConnection();
String sql="insert into associateInfo(associateId,name) values(?,?)";
PreparedStatement pstmt=null; (try) pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setString(1,associateId);pstmt.setString(2,name);pstmt.execute();
6.訪問數據庫:a.在jsp頁面的標簽: 用jstl<c:set/>標簽調用DAO中get方法并存在一定的范圍
<jsp:useBean id="associateDao1" class="mypack.dao.AssociateDao" scope="page"/>
<c:set var="associates" value="${associateDao1.associateDao}" scope="page"/>
b. public Collection getAssociateDao() throws SQLException{
Connection conn=ConnectDB.getConnection();
Statement stmt=conn.createStatement();String sql="select * from associateInfo";
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery(sql); List associateList=new ArrayList();
while(rs.next()){Associate temp=new Associate();//需要創建一個模型層數據中介 temp.setAssociateId(rs.getString("associateId"));
temp.setName(rs.getString("name"));associateList.add(temp);}//將數據全部封裝
stmt.close();conn.close(); return associateList; }
c. <logic:iterate id="associate" name="associates" > //用<logic:iterate/>迭代集合
<td><bean:write name="associate" property="associateId" /></Td>
<td><bean:write name="associate" property="name" /></Td> </logic:iterate>
7.用validator框架實現驗證:
a.jsp頁面: <html:form action="/valid" onsubmit="return validatevalidForm(this)" />
<html:javascript formName="validForm"/>
b.struts-config.xml中配置插件: <plug-in className="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn">
<set-property property="pathnames" value="/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml,/WEB-INF/valid.xml" /> </plug-in>
c. valid.xml的配置: <form-validation>
<global> <constant><constant-name>phone</constant-name>//設置全局變量
<constant-value>^\d{8}\d*$</constant-value> </constant> </global>
<formset> <form name="validForm">
<field property="phone" depends="required,mask">//通過變量驗證的字段名
<var> <var-name>mask</var-name> <var-value>${phone}</var-value> </var>
<arg0 key="lable" /> </field> </form> </formset>
</form-validation>
d. properties文件的key:errors.required ={0} 為必填 lable=用戶名 //{0}arg0為參數
備注:正則表達式:
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*
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匹配0或多次,對鄰近一個(組)起作用
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Ab*:a,abb
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+
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匹配>=1次,對鄰近一個(組)起作用
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Ab+:ab,abb
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?
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匹配0或一次, 對鄰近一個(組)起作用
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Ab?:a,ab
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{n}
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匹配指定的次數, 對鄰近一個(組)起作用
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Ab{2}c:abbc,aabbc
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{n,m}
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匹配從n到m次, 對鄰近一個(組)起作用
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Ab{2,3}c:abbc,abbbc
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^(也表示字符串頭)
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不想匹配的字符,一般和[]一起
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A[^b]c:adc,aec
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$(字符串結束位置)
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^\w+$:為一個或多個數字,字母
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^\d{8}\d*$:只能8位數字
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～
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表示一個范圍
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[0～9]:0,1…9
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\d
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等價于[0～9]表示一個數字
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\da:1a,2a
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\D
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等價于[^0～9],不能為數字
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\Da:aa,da
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\w
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等價于[A～Z0～9]匹配單個數字或字母
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\wa:1a,va
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\W
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等價于[^A～Z0～9]不匹配單個數字或字母
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\Wa:!a,#a
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\
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轉義字符
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\.表示.
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8．STRUTS國際化：
a.全部設為UTF-8編碼：<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" %>
b.bat文件： native2ascii –encoding gb2312 ori.properties target.properties
9.存放常量共享數據：
a.存放常量的java文件：public final class Constants{
public static final String PERSON_KEY=”personbean”;}
b.Action中保存數據：request.setAttribute(Constants.PERSON_KEY,class類);
c.在頁面輸出:<logic:present name="personbean" scope="request" >
<bean:write name="personbean" property="userName"/></logic:present>
10．輸出下拉菜單組：<jsp:useBean id="groupDao" class="mypack.GroupDao" scope="page"/>
<c:set var="groups" value="${groupDao.groups}" /> //get方法
<td><html:select property="groupId"> //讀取數據庫中的groupName屬性
<html:options collection="groups" property="groupId" labelProperty="groupName" />
</html:select></td>
11．Struts內置對象
a．forwardAction:（請求—ActionForm—Action—ActionForm—響應）
頁面：<html:form action="/forward"><html:text property="userName"/> <html:submit/>
配置：<action input="/hello.jsp" name="forwardForm"
path="/forward" parameter="/forward.jsp" scope="request"
type="org.apache.struts.actions.ForwardAction"> </action>
輸出：${forwardForm.userName}//在配置中的<form-beans >實例化
b．DispatchAction（用于不同的表單響應同一個Action）
頁面：<html:form action="/personManager" >
<html:hidden property="method" value="addPerson" />
<html:text property="person.password" />
<html:submit value="add"/> </html:form>
<html:form action="/personManager" >
<html:text property="person.password" />
<html:submit property="method" value="updatePerson"/> </html:form>
配置：<action path="/personManager"
type="mypack.struts.action.MyDispatchAction" //繼承DispatchAction
parameter="method" name="forward2Form" scope="request"
input="/dispatch.jsp" >
<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"></forward> </action>
<action>中根據value自動映射：public ActionForward addPerson（）{ }
public ActionForward updatePerson( ){ }
輸出：${forward2Form.person.password }
備注：DispatchAction參數根據表單中的property映射，具體值由value傳入。
c．LookupDispatchAction(同一個表單不同的觸發事件)
頁面：<html:form action="/personManager2">
<html:text property="person.password" />
<html:submit property="action" value="addPerson" />
<html:submit property="action">
<bean:message key="button.update.person" /> </html:submit> </html:form>
配置：<action path="/personManager2" parameter="action"
type="mypack.struts.action.MyLookupDispatch"
name="forward2Form" scope="request" input="/dispatch.jsp" >
<forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"></forward> </action>
資源文件：button.add.person=addPerson button.update.person=updatePerson
Action(重寫父類LookupDispatchAction抽象方法): protected Map getKeyMethodMap() {
Map map=new HashMap(); map.put("button.add.person", "addPerson");
map.put("button.update.person", "updatePerson"); return map; }
public ActionForward addPerson（）{ }
public ActionForward updatePerson( ){ request.setAttribute("ok", "update"); }
輸出：${ok }
備注：LookupDispatchAction的映射由getKeyMethodMap方法建立，具體值也由value傳入