用cpuid指令讀取CPU信息
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int eflags1, eflags2 = 0;
unsigned int eax = 0;
unsigned int ebx,ecx,edx;
/**
* 測試CPU是否支持CPUID指令。
* eflags寄存器的第21位，如果程序可以清楚/設置它，則說明CPU支持CPUID指令。否則不支持
*/
/* 先取eflags */
asm volatile ("pushf\n\t"
"popl %%eax"
: "=a"(eflags1)
:
: "memory"
);
printf("original eflags is %p\n", eflags1);
/* 把eflags的第21位取反，寫回寄存器中 */
asm volatile ("pushl %0\n\t"
"popf"
:
: "g"(eflags1 & ~( eflags1 & (1<<21) ) )
);
/* 檢查一下現在的eflags，確認第21位和最初的值相反 */
asm volatile ("pushf\n\t"
"popl %%eax"
: "=a"(eflags2)
:
: "memory"
);
printf("modified eflags is %p\n", eflags2);
/* 把原來的eflags值設置回去 */
asm volatile ("pushl %0\n\t"
"popf"
:
: "g"(eflags1)
);
/**
* FIXME: Intel文檔并沒有說，如果不支持CPUID的話，clear/set eflags的第21位會有什么錯誤。
* 它只說，在不支持CPUID指令的CPU上，如80386，執行CPUID會產生invalid opcode錯誤
*
* 所以，在這里我們不處理 讀/寫 eflags 第21比特失敗的情形
*/
/**
* eax == 1，則在eax中返回Family/Model/Stepping等信息
* [0:3] stepping
* [4:7] model
* [8:11] family
* [12:13] processor type
* [16:19] extended model ID
* [20:27] extended family ID
*/
asm volatile ("cpuid"
: "=a"(eax)
: "0"(1)
);
// printf("eax is %p\n", eax);
printf("Extended Family\t: %d\n", (0xff00000 & eax) >> 20);
printf("Extended Model\t: %d\n", (0xf0000 & eax) >> 16);
printf("Processor type\t: %d\n", (0x3000 & eax) >> 12);
printf("Family\t\t: %d\n", (0xf00 & eax) >> 8);
printf("Model\t\t: %d\n", (0xf0 & eax) >> 4);
printf("Stepping:\t: %d\n", (0xf & eax));
printf("\n");
/**
* eax == 0x800000000
* 如果CPU支持Brand String，則在EAX中返 >= 0x80000004的值。
*/
asm volatile ("cpuid"
: "=a"(eax)
: "0"(0x80000000)
);
printf("Is CPU support Brand String? %s\n", eax >= 0x80000004? "yes":"no");
printf("\n");
/**
* 如果支持Brand String，則EAX從0x80000002到0x80000004，每次增1，CPUID指令返回：
* EAX : Processor Brand String
* EBX : Processor Brand String Continued
* ECX : Processor Brand String Continued
* EDX : Processor Brand String Continued
*/
if(eax >= 0x80000004) {
unsigned int brands[4]; //每次的eax、ebx、ecx、edx
unsigned int i;
printf("Brand String\t: ");
for (i = 0x80000002; i <= 0x80000004; i++) {
asm volatile ("cpuid"
: "=a"(brands[0]), "=b"(brands[1]), "=c"(brands[2]), "=d"(brands[3])
: "0" (i)
);
printf("%s", (char *)brands);
}
//FIXME: 打出來的字符串是：In^Htel(R) Pentium(R^H) D CPU 2.80GHz
//其中^H是個不可見字符，會把它前一個吃掉
printf("\n");
}
/**
* eax == 0
* eax : cpuid指令允許的最大eax輸入值
* ebx : "Genu"
* ecx : "ntel"
* edx : "inel"
*/
asm volatile ("cpuid"
: "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx)
: "0"(0) );
printf("Maximum CPUID Input EAX : %p\n", eax);
char string[128];
snprintf(string, 5, "%s", (char *)&ebx);
snprintf(string + 4, 5, "%s", (char *)&edx);
snprintf(string + 8, 5, "%s", (char *)&ecx);
printf("Vendor\t\t: %s\n", string);
printf("\n");
/**
* eax == 1,
* edx的第18比特為1，則CPU支持serial number
* 為0，則不支持，或者被disabled
* 序列號有96位，其中最高32位即是eax的輸出值。應當把它保存下來，然后
* 再設置eax==3, 取剩下的64位
*/
asm volatile ("cpuid"
: "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx)
: "a"(1)
);
if ( edx & (1 << 18) ) {
/* serial number supported */
/* edx輸出中間32位的序列號，ecx輸出最低32位的序列號 */
asm volatile ("cpuid"
: "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx)
: "a"(3)
);
printf("Serial Number\t : %x-%x-%x-%x-%x-%x\n",
eax >> 16, eax << 16, edx >> 16, edx << 16, ecx >> 16, ecx << 16);
} else
printf("Serial Number not supported.\n");
printf("\n");
/**
* eax == 80000006h，返回L2 Cache的信息
*
* ecx[31:16] : L2 Cache size, in Kbytes
* ecx[15:12] : L2 Cache Associativity
* 00h disabled
* 01h direct mapped
* 02h 2-Way
* 04h 4-Way
* 06h 8-Way
* 08h 16-Way
* 0Fh Fully associative
* ecx[7:0] : L2 Cache Line size in bytes
*/
asm volatile ("cpuid"
: "=c"(ecx)
: "a"(0x80000006)
);
printf("L2 Cache Size\t : %dKbytes\n", ( ecx >> 16 ) );
printf("L2 Cache Line Size\t : %dbytes\n", (ecx & 0xff));
printf("L2 Cache Associativity\t : ");
switch ( (ecx & 0xf000) >> 12 )
{
case 0x00:
printf("%s\n", "disabled");
break;
case 0x01:
printf("%s\n", "direct mapped");
break;
case 0x02:
printf("%s\n", "2-Way");
break;
case 0x04:
printf("%s\n", "4-Way");
break;
case 0x06:
printf("%s\n", "8-Way");
break;
case 0x08:
printf("%s\n", "16-Way");
break;
case 0x0f:
printf("Fully associative");
break;
default:
printf("No such entry...\n");
}
printf("\n");
/**
* Input : eax == 4 && ecx == 0
*
* (eax[31:26] + 1) 是該物理處理器package上實現的core CPUs數目
*/
asm volatile ("cpuid"
: "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx), "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx)
: "0"(4), "2"(0)
);
printf("Number of Cores on this physical package\t : %d\n", (eax >> 27) + 1 );
printf("\n");
/**
* Input : eax == 1，則edx返回feature flag
*
*/
return 0;
}
</script>